266 LXXLUL. COMPOSITA (OLIVER AND HIERN). — (Bothriocline. 
linear, base obtuse, apical connective subulate or lanceolate. Style- 
branches exserted slender tapering, thinly hispid. Achenes obovoid 
or ellipsoidal with about 6 prominent rounded ridges, somewhat rounded 
above; hairs of pappus stiff hispid-scabrous very caducous.—Herb 
with opposite or verticillate penniveined leaves and terminal corymbose 
cymes of moderate-sized capitula. 
Based upon the following species. 
1. B. Schimperi, 0. § H.; Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. 1138. 
Erect herb; stem stout, smooth, early glabrous below, often freely 
branched from the upper axils. Leaves in whorls of 3-4 or opposite, 
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrate, base rounded to the very 
short broad ciliate petiole, confluent by a hairy margin round the 
stem, glabrous above, thinly pilose-tomentose beneath; 4-6 in. long, 
1-2 in. broad. Capitula about 4 in. diameter, on tomentose peduncles 
of 1-4 in. more or less, collected at the extremities in broad corymbose 
cymes ; involucral scales ovate- to oblong-lanceolate, acute, firm, green 
or purplish upwards with a broad scarious whitish serrulate margin, 
ionermost scales linear-oblong, wholly scarious. Corolla thinly glan- 
ular. 
Wile Land. Abyssinia (coll. 1863 no. 1497), Schimper ! 
Var. tomentosa. Differing in the tomentose stem and under surface of the leaves. 
Mozamb. Distr. Kilima Njaro, Rev. C. New! . 
Var. longipes. Leaves narrowed at base into a distinct petiole, denticulate, 
opposite, closely puberulous beneath. Peduncles 3 together, terminating the branches, 
exceeding the leaves. Flowers pale violet. 
North Central. Monbuttu-land, Schweinfurth! 
6. VERNONIA, Schreb.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 227. 
Capitula homogamous, few- (very rarely 1-) or many-flowered. 
Involucre various in form, from cylindrical to subglobose urceolate 
hemispherical campanulate or turbinate ; scales numerous, pauct- OF 
multi-seriate, usually wholly free, various in form and texture, acute 
obtuse or with a terminal appendix. Receptacle naked, foveolate oF 
fimbrilliferous. Corolla tubular or campanulate or gradually dilate 
above, usually equally 5-fid. Anther-base sagittate or obtuse, apex 
with a linear or lanceolate free connective. Achenes columnar or Dat 
rowed below or turbinate, 4~5-gonus or 8-20 costate or coste evanes- 
cent, glabrous or hairy uniformly or in longitudinal series, in many 
species sessile-glandular between the coste ; with or without a distinct 
basal callus. Pappus 2- pluri-seriate, rarely 1-seriate, outer series 
usually shorter than the inner, setaceous or squamiiorm ; inner usually 
setaceous barbellate, white or coloured, persistent or caducous.—Herbs, 
shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, penniveined in African specte®s 
entire, serrate or dentate. Capitula variously cymose or panicled, 
rarely solitary. Florets purple reddish or white. 
A very large genus common to the tropics and warmer regions of both hem 
spheres, most numerous in Brazil. With exceptions, all of the following species b 
peculiar to tropical Africa. Several important sections of the genus are not, OF ° 
imperfectly, represented in this Flora, 
