aa 
Vernonia. | LXX{1. COMPOSITH (OLIVER AND HIERN). 
Inner bracts of the involucre persistent. 
Bracts of the involucre without terminal appendage, none 
exceeding the capitula. 
Outer pappus confisting of short squamelle 
Outer pappus consisting of sete, sometimes minute or 
wanting. 
Achenes obscurely costate or ecostate 
Achenes (3-) 4—6-costate . 
Achenes 8— o-costate. 
Capitula with-foliaceous bracts at the base . 
Capitula without foliaceous bracts at the base. 
Involucral bracts setaceous. Capitula on con- 
siderable peduncles Loe ee ee 
Involucral bracts not setaceous. Capitula pani- 
culate. 2. 1 1 we ee ee 
Bracts of the involucre elongated, the inner ones exceeding 
the capitula. 
ves scabrous. Capitula 14-3 in diam. ; inner bracts 
of the involucre linear, rigid, purple. . . . . 
Leaves smooth. Capitula $ in. diam.; bracts of the 
involucre filiform towards the apex, loose 
Bracts of the involucre with terminal appendage 
Inner bracts of the involucre caducous . 
§ i. Lepmentra. 
Achenes glabrous on the 10 ribs. Pappus subrufous 
Achenes glabrous on the 4-6 angles or ribs. Pappus white. 
Climbing shrub, 10-15 ft. high ee ee 
Herbs or small shrub, 1 ft. high. 
Capitula about 12-flowered. A small shrub 
Capitula many-flowered. Herbs. 
Capitula campanulate, }in. broad . . 
Capitula turbinate, Zin. broad . . 1. ee 
Achenes setulose at least on the angles or ribs. Pappus 
sordid tawny subrufous or violaceous. 
Pappus sordid or pale tawny. 
Capitula 3-1 in. broad, singly terminating the erect 
leafy branches. 
Thvolucral scales acute, loosely tomentose 
Involucral scales blunt, glabrate . . . 2. 
Capitula 3-3 in. broad, paniculate or solitary on divari- 
cate peduncles. 
Involucral scales densely pilose-hirsute or silky. 
Tips of the involucral gales erect . 
Tips of the involucral scales recurved foe 
Tnvolucral scales glabrescent, thinly pubescent or 
hirsute. 
Capitula campanulate or subturbinate. 
Involucral scales sub-obtuse, with short spread- 
ing apiculus . oe et ee ee 
Tnvolucral scales acute, with long patent apiculus 
p Capitula hemispherical, rather hollowed at the base 
appus subrufous. 2... 1 ke et 
appus (inner) violaceous . . . =. 2. 1 + es . 
§ ii. Tsrnropss, 
Tuticose. Leaves not conspicuously veined, 2-3 in. long - 
Tpaceous. Leaves veiny beneath, exceeding } in. long. 
nyolucral bracts straight. 
§ i. Leprpecra. 
§ ii, TxPHrRopes. 
§ iii. Cyanopis. 
34. V. purpurea. 
§ iv. XIPHOLEPIS. 
§ v. Decaneurvum. 
51. V. nigritiana. 
52. V. filigera. 
§ vi. STENGELIA. 
§ vii. SrroBocaLyx. 
1. V. jugalis. 
2. V. Biafre. 
3. V. atriplicifolia. 
4. V. pandurata. 
5. V. turbinata. 
. V. Perrottetit. 
. V. Bainesii. 
“ID 
8. V. ambigua. 
9. V. Petersit. 
10. V. Steetziana. 
11. V. Poskeana. 
12. V. Kirkit. 
13. V. demulans. 
14. V. violacea. 
15. V. cinerascens. 
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