Vernonia. | LXXIIi, COMPOSITE (OLIVER AND HIERN). 271 
Leaves alternate, ovate and varying from oval to rhomboidal, pointed or 
rounded at apex, narrowed or rounded at base, with 1-5 coarse teeth on 
each side, fleshy, small, subsessile or shortly stalked, ranging up to }—1 in. 
long by 3-4 in. broad. Capitula subturbinate, about 12-flowered, on 
pedicels it in. long, in terminal dichotomous or numerous small con- 
gested cymes, forming a diffuse leafy panicle. Scales of the involucre 
15-18, pluriseriate, from ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acute, outer 
smaller, subdivergent. Receptacle naked. Corolla gradually nar- 
rowed, glandular. Anther-base acutely produced, -tips lanceolate. 
Achenes obtusely 5-sided, with short ascending white sete between 
the ridges. Pappus duplex, outer of short equal linear pointed squame, 
inner of white barbellate caducous sete.—V. spathulata, Schultz. Bip. 
ex Aschers. in Schweinf. Beitr. FI. Aithiop. p. 162 in note, non 
Hochst. ; ? Chrysocoma spatulata, Forsk. Fl. Aigypt.-Arab. p. 147, n. 
70; V. arabica, Decaisne ex Boiss. Fl. Orient. iii. p. 154. 
Wile Land. Red Sea, Vimmo! Soumali, Hildebrandt! 
Occurs also in Arabia. 
Cf. V. cinerascens, Schultz Bip. 
4. V. pandurata, Link; DC. Prodr. v. p. 27. Erect simple 
herb of 13-4 ft.; stem slender, terete, faintly striate, pubescent. Leaves 
alternate, obovate or elliptical, obtuse, lower more or less narrowed below 
mito a winged petiole, auricled and amplexicaul at base, upper sessile 
auriculate, crenate-serrate, thinly pubescent above, paler pubescent- 
tomentose beneath, 1-3 in.long, 4-14 in. broad, upper gradually 
smaller and subentire. Capitula campanulate 4 in. diameter, many- 
flowered on slender pedicels of }~1 in. in lax divaricate corymbose 
terminal panicles 4-1 ft. wide or more. Scales of involucre pluri- 
Seriate, appressed, obtuse, glandular below, purplish towards apex, outer 
ovate, inner linear-oblong, Receptacle glabrous, not narrow. Corolla 
or purplish, glabrous. Achenes with 5-6 glabrous prominent ribs 
and appressed sparsely setose interspaces, callus-based. Pappus 
duplex white ; outer persistent coroniform ; inner barbellate caducous. 
Lower Guinea. Congo, Chr. Smith! Burton! (flowers in September. Native 
name Sunsa) ; Loango, Soyaux! Ambriz, Angola, Monteiro ! 
5. V. turbinata, 0. § H. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond, xxix. 
p- 90, ¢. 56, fig. B. Large herb, covered on the terete striate 
branches, under side of leaves, and inflorescence with a close whitish 
mentum. Upper leaves alternate, elliptic-oblong, broadly or ob- 
tusely pointed, somewhat narrowed at base, subsessile, entire or obso- 
Ctely denticulate, scabrous and dark green above, 24 in. long, % in. 
road. Capitula turbinate, many-flowered, % in. wide, on thick unequal 
Pedicels up to 1 in, long, in an elongated terminal panicle. Scales of 
volucre numerous multiseriate, linear-lanceolate, densely tomentose, 
“ipped with a dark green, glabrous, rigid, subpatent apiculus. Corolla 
ually narrowed, purple, lobes thinly pilose above. Anthers acutely 
Produced at base ; apical connective linear-lanceolate, acute. Achenes 
5-ridged, Sparsely setulose between the ridges, otherwise glabrous. 
