Elephantopus.] XXIII. COMPOSITE (OLIVER AND HIERN). 299 
1. E. scaber, L. ; DC. Prodr. v. p. 86. Erect herb from 2 to as 
much as 8 ft. in height, more or less hirsute or shortly villous; stem 
terete, striate, with short subpatent hairs throughout. Leaves ob- 
lanceolate to obovate-elliptical or -oblong, subacute or broadly pointed, 
narrowed into short petiole, crenate-serrate with a minute apiculus or 
mucro directed forwards on each serrature, scabrid, thinly hirsute or 
glabrate above, more or less pubescent or thinly hairy, especially on the 
rather prominent nerves beneath ; cauline 4-8 in. long, 14-3} in. 
broad ; petiole amplexicaul. Heads 4-3 in, diam., with an involucre of 
5 ovate or ovate-rotundate bracts shorter than or a little exceeding 
the head. Involucral scales 8, 2-seriate, inner 4 twice as long as and 
Opposed to outer, oblong-lanceolate acute, outer lanceolate. Achenes 
narrowed towards base, 10-costate, minutely setulose. Pappus 
1-seriate, of 5-6 subequal slender minutely scabrid sete, dilated at base. 
Upper Guinea. Fernando Po and Prince's Island, Barter! Mann ! Sierra Leone, 
Afzelius ! 
Wile Land. Karagué, Speke and Grant! Djur-land, Schweinf: urth ! 
A common weed throughout the tropics, reaching Northern Australia. 
_2. BE. senegalensis, 0. § H. Branches leafy, subterete, sulcate, 
thinly setose or at length glabrous, with internodes of 2-3 in. Leaves 
linear-oblong, acute, obscurely or broadly crenate-denticulate, nar- 
rowed at base into winged petiole which forms a short strongly-nerved 
ochreate sheath round the stem, scabrid above and below with stiffish 
hairs or sete ; 4-5 in. long ; 4—# in. broad. Capitula collected in a 
solitary terminal head, 1-1} in. diam., surrounded and much overtopped 
by the sessile upper leaves broadly dilated at base, 3-4-flowered ; inner 
scales of involucre linear-oblong, acuminate, outer lanceolate or ovate- 
lanceolate, rigid or coriaceous, very acute, sheathed, at least in part, by 
ovate-lanceolate coriaceous scales, acuminate and conduplicate above, 
which equal or overtop the florets. Receptacle narrow. Corolla not 
Seen. Achenes subtrigonous or obtusely angular, clothed with short 
whitish subappressed hairs, and with about 10 obscure coste, scarcely 
perceptible until the hairs are removed. Pappus 2-seriate, setaceous, 
Sete oo , subequal, minutely scabrid.—Synchodendron senegalense, F. 
- Klatt in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. v. vol. xviii. p. 364, 
Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Heudelot ! 
9. ADENOSTEMMA, Forst.; Benth. et Hook. £. Gen. Pl. ii. 239. 
Capitula homogamous, hemispherical ; scales sub-biseriate, imbri- 
cate, Receptacle naked. Florets tubular ; corolla tubular or slightly 
dilated, Shortly 5-toothed. Anthers unappendaged or apex minutely 
apiculate, Achenes 5-3-gonous, narrowed to base. Pappus of 3-5 
Short rigid gland-tipped setee.—Glabrous or pubescent herbs. Leaves 
*PPosite, petiolate, penniveined. Capitula pedunculate, loosely panicled. 
which ae Senus confined to America with the exception of the following species, 
18 4 common tropical weed, reaching northward to Japan. 
1. A. viscosum, Forst.; DO. Prodr. v.p. 111. Herb, 2-4ft. high, 
erect or ascending, subsimple or branched; branches terete or sub- 
