304 LXXIII. COMPOSITE (OLIVER AND HIERN). [ Grangea. 
15. GRANGEA, Adans.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 261. 
Capitula heterogamous disciform; outer florets 1—-c-seriate 9, 
disk-fl. oo %. Involucre at first hemispherical, scales pauciseriate 
nearly equal, inner with membranous margins. Receptacle convex or 
conical naked. Corolla of @ fl. narrow-tubular, mouth toothed 
2-4.fid; of % fl. campanulate, 4—-5-fid narrowed into slender tube. 
Anther-base obtuse. Style-branches with short deltoid appendix. 
Achenes subterete or but slightly compressed, with or without a 
distinct cartilaginous apex, equalling or narrower than the ovary in 
diameter, bordered by the minute free subpaleaceous teeth of the 
pappus.—Erect or decumbent more or less hairy herb. Leaves alter- 
nate pinnatifid. Capitula yellow of medium-size, terminal or leaf- 
opposed. 
Regarding the thickening of the roof of the ovary and number of @ florets a8 
variable characters, we have been induced to treat all the forms known to us as conspé- 
cific, notwithstanding their distribution under three subgeneric sections by De Can- 
dolle. Distributed all over Egypt and parts of Asia. 
1. @. maderaspatana, Poir. Encycl. Suppl. ii. p. 825. Pro- 
cumbent, or ascending, branching, often freely from the crown, hirsute 
herb, varying from a few inches to a foot or more. Leaves obovate 
pinnatifid winged to the sessile base, $-3 in. long, lobes oblong oF 
obovate obtuse entire or toothed. Capitula }-4 in. diameter, solitary 
or 2-3 together, terminal or leaf-opposed on peduncles of 4-1 in. In- 
volucral scales oval obtuse pubescent or hirsute.—Cotula Spheeranthus, 
— cisas), Pl. ii. 344; Grangea Spheranthus, C. Koch in Bot. Zeit. 
1. 843). 
De Candolle (Prod. v. 373) maintains as specifically (and sub- 
generically) distinct three forms, which we have been induced to regard 
as modifications of one species, differing in the relative proportion 0 
pistillate and hermaphrodite florets and in the development of a cellular 
thickening to the roof of the ovary, which he (De Candolle) regarded 
as a process of the achene and Cassini as consolidated fleshy pappus- 
These principal forms are (G. maderaspatana) pistillate florets © - 
seriate, apex of achene thickened, equal in diameter to ovary; \™ 
egyptiaca, DC. Lc.) regarded as an undoubted form of G. maderaspatand, 
by Steetz, thickened apex of achene more or less constricted ; (G. ceru- 
anoides, Cass., G. procumbens, DC.) apex of achene not or but slightly 
thickened, and ray-florets 2-seriate. 
Upper Guinea. Senegambia, Déllinger! and others (G. procumbens and G. 
ceruanoides) ; Nigritania, Barter ! (G. ceruanoides). ! 
Wile Land. Senaar, Kotschy! and by Nile 14-15° N.L., Speke and Grant! 
{near G. cerwanoides); Khartoum, Petherick ! Bongo-land, Schweinfurth ! 
Lower Guinea. Congo, Chr. Smith! Burton! Loango, Soyaux! 
Mozamb. Distr. Zambesia and elsewhere, Dr. Peters. 
16. CERUANA, Forsk.; Benth. et Hook. £, Gen. Pl. ii. p- 261- 
Capitula heterogamous disciform many-flowered ; outer hare ye 
2-3-seriate, disk y. Involucre hemispherical, scales 2-3-seriate, 
