430 LXXIII. COMPOSITE (OLIVER AND HIERN). [ Platycarpha. 
Acaulescent herbs with pinnatifid leaves and the densely congested 
inflorescence sometimes 2-4 in. diameter immediately over the root- 
stock. 
A small genus restricted to South Africa. 
A second species with more spinose involucres occurs in the Cape Flora. 
1. P. carlinoides, 0. § H. Leaves numerous, spreading in a 
stellate manner, oblanceolate, deeply pinnatifid, attenuate into a flat 
broad petiole which dilates at base forming an involucre to the 
clusters of heads, rugulose and puberulous above, shortly white-tomen- 
tose beneath, 3-6 by 1-14 in.; lobes apiculate-denticulate, ovate or 
rounded. Capitula oblong, nearly 4 in. long by y, in. thick, few 
(about 4)-flowered, very numerous, collected into a dense cluster of 
24-3 in. diameter. Involucral scales about 10-12, glabrous, sublinear, 
acuminate. Achenes glabrous, transversely wrinkled. Pappus pa- 
leaceous ; palese about 12, unequal, ciliolate-fimbrillate. 
South Central?. 23°S. Lat., Chapman and Baines! 
96. ECHINOPS, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. p. 462. 
Capitula 1-flowered usually numerous and densely aggregated in 
globose heads : common involucre usually concealed, of small or setiform 
reflexed scales. Partial involucres of numerous rigid imbricate pointe 
or spinose bracts the outer necessarily shorter and usually passing 
gradually or abruptly into slender sete; inner bracts sometimes fasci- 
culate-spinulose near the apex. Corolla regular. Achenes elongate 
subterete ; pappus of nearly free or connate more or less paleaceous 
setee.—Spinose thistle-like herbs, frequently more or less hoary-tomen- 
tose, with alternate pinnati- or bipinnatisect spinescent leaves a0 
solitary terminal globose compound heads, varying to 3-4 in. diameter. 
A considerable genus of the Mediterranean region and temperate Asia, wanting 
south of the equator. 
Middle scales of the partial involucre simply acuminate or 
cuspidate. 
Scales of the partial involucre 20-25 in many rows. 
Outer Setaceous bracts subeompressed, tawny. 
Leaves linear . o 6 © ew 
Leaves ovate orelliptical . . 2 2... 1 wee 
Scales of the partial involucre about 17-20, in fewer rows. 
Outer setaceous bracts nearly white, silky. 
Some of the capitula with long projecting spines. 3. E. spinosus. 
None of the capitula with long spines produced beyond 
the rest of the cluster. 
. EB. longifolius. 
. E. amplexicaulis. 
no = 
Glandular-pubescent . ‘ 4, E. macrochatus. 
Hispid . 2... ww. LL. 8 E, hispidus. 
Middle scales of the partial involucre fasciculate-spinous. 
Leaves glabrate above. Outer setaceous bracts nearly . 
equalling the inner involucral bracts . . . . . 6. E. longisetus. 
Leaves hispid above. Outer setaceous bracts scarcely 
half equalling the inner involucral bracts, 
Stem tall. Leaves pinnatifid . aie 7. £. giganteus ae 
Stem very short. Leaves bipinnatisect 8. E. chamecep : 
