Echinops. | LXXIII. COMPOSITE (OLIVER AND HIERN). 433 
subsessile, lobes mostly lanceolate deeply toothed, teeth terminating in 
long spinous points; uppermost leaves elliptical, deeply toothed, 
smaller. Heads (in fruit) ranging up to 14 in. long, numerous, in a 
globose head up to about 34 in. diam. Outer setaceous bracts not 
exceeding $ in. Inner involucral bracts about 15, lanceolate or spa- 
thulate, many fasciculate-spinous from a knot near the tip ; the inner- 
most bracts connate. Achenes glabrescent near the apex. Pappus of 
numerous Contiguous ciliate narrow unequal scales, connate below into 
a short tube. 
Wile Land. Abyssinia, Kouaieta and Semiéne, Q. Dillon ! 
8. E. chamecephalus, Hochst. in Herb. Schimp. Abyss. ii. n. 
914. Stem 6-8 in. high or very short, simple or branched at the crown 
of the root, terete, leafy. Leaves bipinnatisect, obovate, setose-hispid 
on the short dilated petiole and stout rachis, as well as the peduncles, 
strigose-hispid above, white-tomentose beneath, ranging up to about 
a foot long, primary lobes numerous, with few linear tapering seg- 
ments terminating in a strong spinous point, the terminal segment 
being the longest ; margins much revolute. Heads #-J} in. long, very 
numerous, crowded into a subglobose or spheroidal cluster 13-2} in. 
thick, on a peduncle ranging from 1 in. to nearly a foot long. Outer 
Setaceous bracts silky, about 3-4 in. long. Inner involucral bracts 
Spathnlate or linear, about 16, more or less apiculate, some fasciculate- 
Spinous at the tip ; the innermost connate more than half way. Achenes 
appressedly setulose. Pappus of many adjacent unequal setaceous 
cihate scales, which overtop the hairs on the achene and are connate 
at base into a short tnbe.—A. Rich. Fl. Abyss. i. p. 448. 
Mile Land. Abyssinia, Schimper ! 
97. CARDUUS, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. p. 467. 
Capitula heterogamonus, florets equal and hermaphrodite (or all 1- 
Sexual in diwcious species). Involucre globose or ovoid, of numerous 
“Seriate imbricate more or less spinescent bracts. Receptacle densely 
ne Pappus of numerous pauci- or multiseriate simple serrulate or 
arbellate setae, cohering at the base in a narrow annulus, at length 
“parating from the achene.—Erect or more rarely acaulescent herbs 
= alternate often decurrent usually spinescent pinnately lobed vr 
nuate leaves, and terminal solitary or congested often large purple 
“se or white capitula. 
wee enus chiefly of the N. temperate zone of the Old World. 
one Involucral bracts with spreading spinous tips 1. @. leptacanthus. 
scent. Involucral bracts erect. halus 
genous tips of involucral bracts rather]long. . . + 2. C. chamecep! avs. 
Pinous tips of involucral bracts very short . . - + 3. C. Schimperi. 
g l. g, leptacanthus, Fresen. in Mus. Senckenb. iii. p. 70 (1839). 
on erect, branched or simple, 24-12 ft. high, terete, striate, puberu- 
US, towards the apex with spinous usually interrupted wings. Lower 
Yes on lon ti iptical lanceolate, narrowed 
petioles ; upper leaves elliptical or ’ 
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