Centaurea. | LXXIII. COMPOSITE (OLIVER AND HIERN). 439 
ones petiolate, ranging up to 3 by 1 in.; teeth pointed, not spinous. 
Capitula solitary, heterogamous, pedunculate, campanulate, ? in. long; 
peduncle about 14 in. long, terminal. Involucral bracts in many rows, 
not appendaged, imbricated, inner ones linear, outer lanceolate or 
ovate, successively shorter ; tips acute, not spinous, blackish and thinly 
cottony on the margins. Florets pale blue, outer ones neuter, longer 
than the hermaphrodite fertile inner ones. Anther-base with long 
linear tails. Achenes (young) not quite glabrous. Pappus paleaceous, 
denticulate, exceeded by the paleaceous sete of the receptacle. 
Nile Land. Somali-land, 6,000 ft. alt., April, 1875, Hildebrandt ! 
The last two species scarcely differ, if at all, from the genus Volutarella, Cass. 
(Amberboa, Isnard). 
Amberboa sinaica, DC., is given by Schweinfurth and Ascherson, Enum. p. 283, as 
oceurring in Nubia ; according to Boissier, Fl. Orient. iii. p. 606, this species occurs 
in Egypt, Arabia and Palestine. 
100. CARTHAMUS, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. p. 483. 
Capitula homogamous; florets all fertile (rarely outer 1-seriate ? or 0). 
nvolucre ovoid or subglobose ; bracts oo-seriate, imbricate below, the 
outer or intermediate foliaceous and spinescent in wild forms. Recep- 
tacle plane, setose. Pappus more or less paleaceous, oo-seriate, occa- 
Slonally 0.—Thistle-like rigid herbs, with alternate spinose-pinnatitid 
or spinulose-serrate leaves and terminal solitary or cymose rather large 
often fiercely involucrate scarlet yellow whitish or rose capitula. 
Chiefly confined to the Mediterranean region and Levant. 
Pappus 0, or of the central florets altogether short. Leaves ; 
undivided . , . . « « 1. C. tinctorius. 
‘ppus (of the central florets) in many rows, inner rows suc- 
cessively longer. Leaves pinnatifid. 
More or less pilose. Floral leaves about 1 in. long 2. C. lanatus. 
Nearly glabrous. Floral leaves about 14-2in.long . . . 3. C. leucocarpus. 
l. c, tinctorius, Linn. Sp. Pl., edit. i. 830. A glabrous erect 
leafy annual, branched above. Stem-leaves sessile, ovate-oblong, acute, 
mucronate, spinulose-denticulate, 1-38 in. long or more; floral ones 
Similar, 1-11 in. long. Capitula 1-1} in. thick. Pappus wanting 
from the outer florets, very short on the central ones.—A. Rich. Fl. 
byss. i. p. 454. ie 
y; Wile Land. Nubia, Sennaar and Abyssinia, cultivated and perhaps indigenous. 
telds the commercial dye called ‘‘ Safflower.” 
Widely cultivated in Northern India and the East. 
2 G. lanatus, Linn. Sp. Pl., edit. i. p. 830. Erect more or less 
Pilose annual, simple below, 14-2 ft. high. Leaves pinnatifid, spinous, 
~2 in. long; the upper ones sessile, acute, semi-amplexicaul, lanceo- 
ste; floral ones similar.—Kentrophyllum lanatum, DC. et Dub. ; DC. 
rodr. vi. p. 610; A. Rich. FI. Abyss. i. p. 454 (var. abyssinicum). 
Wile inia (i illon ; Petit ; Schimper ! 
M Widely cultivates prrcheyabecnne Al ts Boissier Fl. Orient. iii. p. 707, to the 
terranean region, the Canary Islands and Madeira. 
