446 LXXIII. COMPOSITE (OLIVER AND HIERN). [ Scolymus. 
107. SCOLYMUS, Linn.; Benth et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. p. 504. 
Capitula homogamons, ligulate ; florets equal. Involucre ovoid or 
subglobose ; bracts in few rows, imbricated, the outermost (or floral 
leaves) large, spinous-pinnatifid or -pectinate, exceeding the florets. 
Receptacle elevated or conical, paleaceous ; paleze dorsally compresso- 
plicate, enclosing the ovaries. Ligule truncate, 5-dentate. Anther- 
base sagittate; auricles mucronate-acuminate. Style-branches slender. 
Achenes dorsally compressed, inclosed in and adnate to the obcordate 
more or less winged palee of the receptacle. Pappus of 2-3-harbel- 
late setee which are wanting in our species, and of a denticulate annu- 
lus at the apex of the achene.—Erect thistle-like herbs with alternate 
spinous leaves, terminal or lateral sessile capitula, and yellow flowers. 
A genus of 3 species chiefly Mediterranean. 
1. S. maculatus, Linn. Sp. Pl, edit. i. p. 813. A nearly glabrous 
coarse rigid annual, 1-3 ft. high. Stem and spreading branches 
whitish, winged by the decurrence of the leaves. Stem-leaves oblong, 
sinuous-pinnatifid, spinous-pointed, sessile, about 2-3 in. long ; mar- 
gins cartilaginous ; the radical leaves broadly spathulate, spinons-den- 
tate, subpetiolate, 3 by 1 in.; the floral leaves pectinate. Capitula 
nearly 1 in. long in flower. Inner involucral bracts linear-lanceolate, 
4 in. long, entire, pointed. Outer ligules nigro-pilose. Achenes 
obovate. Sete of the pappus 0. 
Mile Land. Cordofan, Kotschy ! 
Occurs throughout the Mediterranean region: 
108. CICHORIUM, Linn.; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. p. 506. 
Capitula homogamous; florets all ligulate. Innermost involucral 
bracts sub-uniseriate, subcoriaceous, at length concave and embracing 
the outer achenes ; the outer involucral bracts few, shorter. Recep- 
tacle nearly flat, naked or sparingly fimbrillate. Ligule truncate, 
5-dentate at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the base ; auricle mucro- 
nate-acuminate. Style-branches slender, rather obtuse. eeicrl 
somewhat 5-angled or the outer ones rather compressed, obovold, 
truncate or margined at the apex. Pappus shortly paleaceons or 
wanting.—Erect herbs, glabrous or sparingly hispid, with milky SP; 
alternate leaves, sessile (as well as sometimes pedunculate) heads, ani 
blue flowers. 
A genus of 4 species, chiefly found in the northern hemisphere of the Old World. 
1. G. calvum, Schultz Bip. in Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol., ann. 1859, 
p. 7 (nomen nudum) et in Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. thiop. p. 143 nm 
descript. Annual. Stem erect, sparingly setose. Upper leaves © f 
lanceolate, obtuse, rounded at the base, sessile, sparingly setos 
beneath especially on the midrib, unequally denticulate, ciliate sea 
brous; the floral ones lanceolate-acuminate from a cordate fee 
Capitula 2-3 together, approximated, sessile, the top one only solitary 
