LXXXIV. APOCYNACEX (STAPF). Ya, 
Fruit entire, baccate, drupaceous, samaroid or consisting of 2 (rarely 3 
5) baccate or follicular mericarps, rarely breaking up into 2 or 4 valves. 
Seeds various, frequently compressed, very often with a tuft of hairs 
(coma) at one or both ends, or winged, rarely with a plumose 
apical or basal awn; testa coriaceous, crustaceous or membranous. 
Endosperm, if present, cartilaginous or fleshy. Embryo straight ; 
cotyledons usually flat, rarely convolute or contortuplicate; radicle 
superior.—Trees, erect or scandent shrubs or perennial (very rarely 
annual) herbs, more or less laticiferous. Leaves simple, generally 
opposite, sometimes whorled, rarely spirally arranged, entire, pinnati- 
nerved. Stipules, if present, short, intrapetiolar, and often joining 
around the stem in a transverse ridge, very rarely one on each side of 
the petiole, or represented by spines. Inflorescences made up of (often 
much reduced) cymes, terminal or pseudolateral or truly axillary ; 
cymes solitary or clustered or gathered in loose or congested, often 2—3- 
tomous, panicles, corymbs or pseudo-umbels ; bracts usually small and 
deciduous. Flowers small to large and then often very showy. 
The number of new genera and species of this order described since the publica- 
tion of Bentham and Hooker’s Genera Plantarum (1876) is very great. This has 
entailed the revision of the genera and of their arrangement, and the introduction of 
a more detailed description of the remarkably polymorphic fertilisation apparatus. 
Of the 3 tribes here admitted, the Zabernemontanoidee and Echitoidee correspond 
almos’. exactly to the subtribe of Zabernemontanee, Benth. (Tabernemontanine, 
K. Schum.) and the tribe of Hchitidee, Benth. (Echitoidee, K. Schum.) respectively. 
Both are very homogeneous groups. The remainder of the genera are much Iss 
obviously connected. B.ntham referred these to Carissee aud Plumeriea, in which 
latter he included also the Tabernemontanee, whilst Schumann united both tribes 
in his Plumerioidee. As the principal character (namely, the syncarpous or 
apocarpous Ovary) separating Carissee and Plumeriee has lost, in the light of new 
disco. er-es, much of the importance formerly attributed to it, I have preferred to 
abandon it as a primary distinction, and to adopt Schumann’s tribe Plumerioidea, 
excluding his Tabernemontanine. Among the Tabernemontancidea the genus 
Tabernemontana lad grown, by the addition of numerous (often imperfectly 
known) specics, into an assembly of most incongruous types. With the alternatives 
of reducing all the Tabernemontanoidee to one genus or breaking up Tabernemon- 
tana into several genera, as already proposed by P erre and Schumann, I decided 
in favour of the latter as being the ouly way of obtaining genera approximately 
equivalent to those composing the two other tribes. One result of the study of the 
Tabernemontanoidee of both hemispheres was the exclusion of Tabernemontana 
from the Old World. 
Tripe I. Plumerioideze.— Corolla salver-shaped, rarely funnel-shaped ; 
lubes overlapping to the left, rarely to the right. Anthers linear, oblong 
or elliptic, shortly and obtusely 2-lobed (rarely sub-sagittate) at the base; 
anther-cells polliniferous and dehiscing to the base or nearly so, not diverging 
below. Ovary syncarpous, 1-2-velled, or apocarpous with 2 (rarely 3-5) free or 
partly connate carpels ; stigma various, usually distinctly apiculate, rarely hairy 
or with frill-like appendages, often exuding more or less glutinous matter and 
then sometimes sticking to the unthers in the d.y state, vtherwise free. Fruit 
baccate, drupaceous or dry and follicular. Seeds not comose, exarillate ; endosperm 
(?f any) smooth, rarely grooved and ruminate. Cotyledons flut. 
*Ovary syncarpous. 1-2-celled. 
Corolla sulver-sh ped ; fruit bacate. 
