Carissa. | LXXXIV. APOCYNACE& (STAPF). 9} 
2. C. Arduina, Lam. Encycl. i. 555. A glabrous, rarely 
pubescent shrub up to 10 ft. high, with numerous green simply or 
repeatedly bifurcate spines; spines 4-14 in. long. Leaves generally: 
ovate, acute, mucronulate, obtuse or sometimes almost cordate, and as 
long as broad, sometimes oblong or nearly lanceolate, 3—3 in. long, }—2 in. 
broad, dark shining green above, paler below; secondary nerves about: 
6-8 on each side, like the veins faintly prominent or quite obscure, 
mainly below; petiole 1-3 lin. long. Cymes subsessile or shortly 
peduncled, few- to many-flowered, glabrous or subglabrous; pedicels 
slender, 1-2) lin. long. Calyx ?-1 lin. long; sepals lanceolate, acumi- 
nate, ciliolate, glabrous or very finely puberulous, pale pink. Corolla 
white, fragrant ; tube 3-4 lin. long, densely hairy at the throat ; lobes 
overlapping to the left, ovate to lanceolate, 2-24 lin. long. Stamens 
inserted between the middle and the mouth. Ovule 1 in each cell. 
Berry scarlet, oblong, acute, 4-74 lin. long, 1-2-seeded, edible-—DC. 
Prod. viii. 334; L. Planch. Prod. Apocyn. 141, 258; Lewin in Engl. 
Jahrb. xvii. Beibl. 41, 49, 50; Schinz in Mém. Herb. Boiss. x. 56. 
C’. bispinosa, Desf. Tabl. Ecol. Bot. 78. C. feroz, DC. lec. 335. 
C’. acuminata, DC. 1l.c. 835; Wood, Natal Plants, t. 203. C. myrtoides, 
Desf. Cat. Hort. Paris, ed. 3, 398; DC. le. 335. CC. erythrocarpa, 
DC. le. C. hematocarpa, DC. 1.c. 336. C. oblongifolia, Hochst. in 
Flora, 1844, 827. OC. bispinata (by error), Lewin in Virchow’s Arch. 
Path. Anat. u. Physiol. Bd. 134, 246. Arduina bispinosa, Linn. 
Mant. i. 52; Lodd. Bot. Cat. t. 387; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, 
Pflanzenfam. iv. ii. 126; in Engl. Pfl. Ost-Afr. C. 315. A. erythrocarpa, 
Kekl. in South Afr. Journ. i. (1830), 372. A. hematocarpa, Eckl. 1.c. 
A. ferox, E. Meyer, Comm. 191; K. Schum. in Engl. and Prantl, l.c. 
A. acuminata, KE. Meyer, l.c.; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, le. 
Jasminonerium acuminatum, J. bispinosum, J. erythrocarpum, J. ferox, 
J. hematocarpum, and J. oblonyifolium, O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. ii. 415. 
Mozamb. Dist. British Central Africa: Nyasaland; Mount Zomba and 
Mount Mahon, 4000-6000 ft., Whyte! Shire Highlands, Buchanan, 8! and without 
precise locality, Buchanan, 1466! Rhodesia; Buluwayo, Rand, 285! 
Also in South Africa. 
3. C. tetramera, Stapf A spinous much-branched shrub; young 
branches puberulous when quite young, soon glabrous ; spines straight, 
bifureate, }-2 in. long. Leaves ovate (sometimes very broad) or oblong, 
acute or obtuse, rarely emarginate, mucronulate, rounded to subcordate 
at the base, 13-2 in. long, {-14 in. broad, coriaceous, very rigid, 
glabrous, glossy above; secondary nerves 12 or more on each side, 
almost straight, like the reticulation very faint or slightly prominent, 
especially above ; petiole 4-1 lin. long. Cymes few-flowered, contracted, 
subsessile at_ the ends of the branches or in the spine-forks, sparingly 
puberulous; bracts lanceolate, subulate-acute ; pedicels up to 1 lin. long. 
Calyx 1-1} lin. long, eglandular, glabrous or finely puberulous ; sepals. 
4, ovate, very acute or subulate-acuminate, ciliolate. Corolla glabrous 
without ; tube purple, 8-9 lin. long, hairy within ; lobes 4, ovate-elliptic, 
