ELEMENTARY BOTANY. vii 



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determined by analogy vrith allied plants. A leaf with ternate lobes is called (rljid. 

 A leaf with three leaflets is sometimes improperly called a ternate leaf : it is the 



leaflets that are ternate ; the whole Iq^Hs trifvliolate. Ternate leaves are leaves 

 growing three together. 



. 1 ^^""|^» when the division is at first ternate, but the two outer branches are 

 torked, the outer ones of each fork again forked, and so on, and all the branches 

 ^io ^T^ ^ogetlier at the base, compared vaguely to the foot of a bird. 

 '. 42. Leaves with pinnate, palmate, pedate, etc., leaflets, are usually for shortness 

 ^i^^a pinndte, palmate, pedate, etc., leaves. If they are so cut into segments only, 

 cney are usually said to hepinnatisect, palmatisect, pedatisect, etc., although the dis- 

 •^^^^ 1 ^^^^ segments and leaflets is often unheeded in descriptions, and cannot 

 uideed always be ascertained. If the leaves are so cut only into lobes, they are said 

 ^^^Pi^^natijld, palmatifid, pcdatifid, etc. 



^ 43. The teeth, lobes, segments, or leaflets may be again toothed, lobed, divided, 

 or compounded. Some leave.s are even three or more times divided or compounded, 

 in tbe latter case they are termed decomj^ound. When twice or thrice pinnate 

 K^l^^nnate OT tHpinnate) , each primary or secondary division, with the leaflets it 

 wmpnses, is called a pimia. When the pinna of a leaf or the leaflets of a pinna are 

 ■^.?^^^^» '^ttiout an odd terminal pinna or leaflet, the leaf or pinna so divided is 

 «iia to be abruptly pinnate ; if there is an odd terminal pinna or leaflet, the leaf or 

 44^ ^^^'^^i^^^^y pi^^nate [imparipinnatum). 



44. ihe number of leaves or their parts is expressed adjectively by the following 

 numerals, derived from the Latin :- 



^'i bi-, tri-, quadri-, quinque-, sex-, septem-, octo-, novem-, decern-, muUi-, 

 A-. 2", 3', 4-, 6-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-. won.v- 



efixed to a termination, indicating the particular kind of part referred to. Thus— 



unideutate, bidentate. multidenCate, mean one-toothed, two-toothed, many- 

 toothed, etc, 



IJ hifd trifid, mnltifid, mean two-lobed, three-lobed, many-lobed, etc. 



fpofl ^^y ^"^'«^e> bifoUolate, multifoliolate, mean having one leaflet, two leaflets, many 

 *eanet9, etc. 



mean 



- > 6i«erna/c and triternate^ mean twice or thrice ternately divided. 



^^^^J^goie, bijugate, multi jugate, etc., pinnae or leaflets, mean that they are in 



one t^o, many, etc., pairs {juga). 



,^ -ID Leaves or their parts, when flat, or any other flat organs in plants, are 



*^T' ^^^^ ^^"S aud narrow, at least four or five times as long as broad, falsely 

 ':!mpared to a mathematical line, for a linear leaf has always a perceptible breadth, 

 the ^^S^f^^^y when about three or more times as long as broad, broadest below 

 »*^e middle^ and tanering towards the summit, compared to the head of a lance, 

 nar Tt^^^^> ^v^hen broadest above the middle, and tapering towards the base, com- 

 rem A A ^ ^^*Jge with the point downwards ; when very broadly cuneate and 

 . 3^ed at the top, it is often culled flabell if orm ov fan- shaped. 

 narf ?^^^ ^*^"^^' ^^^^ ^^® ^road part near the top is short, and the narrow tapering 

 P^ long, compared to a spathula or flat ladle. 

 m^r^A^ ' ^^^^ scarcely twice as Ions as broad, and rather broader below the 



same form 



middle 



T . --"^^^voo |jctio auove me nuauie. 



^|«o«€?, triangular, in the form of the Greek letter A. 



^(ncular, oblong^ elliptical, rkomboidal, etc., when compared to the correspond- 



figures. 



transversely oblong, or oUatc, when conspicuously 

 JoLcate, when curved like the blade of a scythe. 



broader than long. 



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uiniT, ^*^™iediate forms between any two of the above are expressed by cora- 

 hS,u ^f^"^^' Thus, a linear -lanceolate leaf is long and narrow, yet broader 

 enmL . «iiddle, and tapering to a point ; a linear-ohlong one is scarcely narrow 

 ^ ?ttgh to be called linear, yet too n^row to be strictly oblong, and does not coa^ 



lUmmit or towards the- baae. 



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