X 



OUTLINES OF 



62. JBracteoles are the one or two last bracts under each flower, when they differ 

 materially in size, shape, or arrangement from the other bracts. 



63. Stipules are leaf-like or scale-like apjiendages at the base of the leaf -stalk, or 

 on the node of the stem. When present there are generally two, one on each side of the 

 leaf, and they sometimes appear to protect the young leaf before it is developed. 

 They are however exceedingly variable in size and appearance, sometimes exactly like 

 the tnie leaves except that they have no buds in their axils, or looking like the leaf- 

 lets of a compound leaf, sometimes ai)parently the only leaves of the plant ; generally 

 small and narrow, sometimes reduced to minute scales, spots, or scars, sometimes 

 united into one opposite the leaf, or more or less united with, or adnate to the 

 petiole, or quite detached from the leaf, and forming a ring or sheath round the 

 stem in the axil of the leaf. In a great number of plants they are entirely wanting. 



64. Stipellce, or secondary stipules, are similar organs, sometimes found on com- 

 pound leaves at the points where the leaflets are inserted. 



Go. When scales, bracts, or stipules, or almost any part of the plant besides 

 leaves and flowers are stalked, they are said to be sdjpitate, from stipes, a stalk. 



§ 7. Inflorescence and its Bracts, 



66. The Inflorescence of a plant is the arrangemejit of the flowering branches, 

 and of the flowers upon them. An Inflorescence, is a flowering branch, or the flowering 

 summit of a plant above the last stem- leaves with its branches, bracts, and flowers. 



67. A single flower, or an inflorescence, is terminal when at the summit of a stem 

 or leafy branch, axillary w hen in the axil of a stem-leaf, leaf -opposed when opposite 

 to a stem-leaf. The inflorescence of a plant is said to be terminal or determinate 

 when the main stem and principal branches end in a flower or inflorescence (not 

 in a leaf-bud), axillary or indeterminate when all the flowers or inflorescences are 

 axillary, the stem or branches ending in leaf -buds. ^ 



68. A Peduncle is the stalk of a soUtary flower, or of an inflorescence ; that is to 

 say, the portion of the flowering branch from the last stem-leaf to the flower, or to 

 the first ramification of the inflore8cence,or even up to its last ramifications ; but the 

 portion extending from the first to the last ramifications or the axis of inflorescence 

 IS often distinguished under the name of rhachis. 



69. A Scape or radical Peduncle is a leafless peduncle proceeding from the stock, 

 or from near the base of the stem, or apparently from the root itself. * - - 



?^' ^, ^^^*^*^ ^* *^® J^^ branch of an inflorescence, supporting a single flower. 



71. The branches of inflorescence may be, like those of stems, opposite, alternate, 

 etc. (32, 33), but verj often their arrangement is different from that of the leafy 

 branches of the same plant. 



72. Inflorescence is 



centrifuyal, when the terminal flower opens first, and those on the lateral 

 branches are successively developed. 



ce^Uripetal when the lowest flowers open first, and the main stem continues to 

 elongate, developing fresh flowers. 



^ 73. Determinate inflorescence is usually centrifugal. Indeterminate inflorescence 

 IS always centripetaL Both inflorescences may be combined on one plant, for it often 

 napjHins that the mam branches of an inflorescence are centripetal, whilst the flowers 

 on the lateral branches are centrifugal ; or vice versd. 

 74. An Inflorescence is 



a Spike, or »plcat€, when the flowers are sessile along a simple undivided axis 

 or rnacnis. *^ 



ikiiaceme, or racemose, when the flowers are borne on pedicels along a single 

 undivided axis or rhachis. fa o 



a Panicle, or paniculate, when the axis is divided into branches bearing two or 

 more liowers. ° . • 



a Bead, or capitate, when several sessUe or nearly sessile flowers are collected 

 into a compact head-like cluster The short, flat, convex, or conical axis on which 

 the flowers are seated is called the receptacle, a term also used for the torus of > 

 single flower (135). The very compact flower-he^ds of Composite are often termea 

 compound jlowers. 



an Umbel, or umbellate, when several branches or pedicek^pear to aiaxi fr<^ 



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