/ 



k 



F^ -r 



ELEMENTARY BOTANY. XI 



the same point and are nearly of tlxe same length. It diifers from the head, like 

 the raceme from the spike, in that the flowers are not sessile. An umbel is said to 

 be inmple, Avhen each of its branches or rays bears a single flower ; compound when 

 each ray bears a partial umbel or umbellule, • ^ t, • f 



from 

 than 



a Corymb, or corymbose, when the branches and pedicels, although starting 

 diflferent points, all attain the same level, the lower ones being much longer 

 the upper. It is a flat- topped or fastigiate panicle. ■ 



a Cjjme, or cymose, when branched and centrifugal. It is a centrifugal panicle, 

 and ia often corymbose. The central flower opens first. The lateral branches succes- 

 sively developed are usually forked or opposite (dichotomous or trichotomous) , but 

 sometimes after the first forking the branches are no longer divided, but produce a 

 succession of pedicels on their upper side forming apparently unilateral centripetal 

 racemes; whereas if attentively examined, it will be found that each pedicel is at 

 first terminal, but becomes lateral by the development of one outer branch only, 

 immediately under the pedicel. Such branches, when in bud, are generally roUed 

 l>ack at the top, like the tail of a scorpion, and are thence called scorpioid. 



a Tkyrsuii, or thyrsoid, when cymes, usually opposite, are arranged m a narrow 

 pyramidal ' -■ 



ntermediate 



ii>. THere are numerous cases where inflorescences are intermeaiaT^e v^^y^ ^^^ ^^^-^ 

 two of the above, and are called by diff'erent botanists by one or the other name ac- . 

 cordmg as they are guided by apparent or by theoretical similarity. A spike-liKe 

 pamcle, where the axis is divided into very short branches forming a cylindrical 

 compact inflorescence, is called sometimes a spike, sometimes a panicle If tlie tlo wers 

 are m distiact clusters along a simple axis, the inflorescence is described as an inUr- 

 rupted spike or raceme, according as the flowers are nearly sessile or distinctly pedicel- 

 ^te ; although when closely examined the flowers will be found to be inserted not on 

 the main axis, but on a very short branch, thus, strictly speaking, constitutmg a 

 pamcle.' . , '^ 



The 



and spikeleU of Grasses are forms 



77. Bracts are generally placed sinrfy under each branch of the mflorescence, and 

 ^fder each pedicel; bracteoles are usually two, one on each side, on the pedicel or 

 close under the flower, or even upon the calyx itself ; but bracts are also frequently 



^ttered along the branches without axillary pedicels ; and when the ^^ff^^^^^^f « 

 between thpl.T.o^+« ^„-:i i 4..,.i„. »«^ 4.«;+i^r.rr nr immatenah they are usually aU 



^^«u oracts. 



|8. When these bracts appear to proceed from the same point, they \\-ill on ex- 



Nation, be found to be really either one bract and two stipules, or one bract witH 



•mnat 



When two bracts appe: 



an 



Jo bracteoles in its axil. 



u!^ ^ usually be founa to be tne stipmea oi <*^ ixu^v-. — ^r™ 



»£ also' ""^ *^^ inflorescence are opposite, when the bracts will of course be oppo- 



»n2- ^^^^ ««^eral bracts are collected in a wLorl. or are so close togetber a^ to 

 ;Ppear whorled, or are closely imbricated round the base of a head or umbel they 

 are collectively called an Involucre. The bracts composing an involucre are ^escribed 



7tl *^' ."^^^^^ «f ieave,, leaflets, bracts, or scales, according to their ;W™^- 

 r%«a»-t«« s .1 ncoi^oe, 4- ' ^J..^„:„^■^^Aln^A fr,r t.bp. bracts or scales of the mvo- 



»9 Wh ^''*'^'^' ^^ 



partial umbel. 



' caly 



to be 



itivM " »«verai very smaU bracts are piaoeu iuuh^l i.^^ ^^^^ — - - , 



Sf" ' *^^y ^^^^ been termed a calyc^e, and the calyx or mvolucre said to be 

 SS^' \^' '^^^^ terms are now facing into disuse a. conveymg a false im 



When the bracts are whorled and inserted 

 queutly called an eDicalvx. 



81 'Vcf^^^^^^y <^^led an epicalyx. , ^ .-^^^ Monoco- 



tylio ^^^^^ ^ ^ ^^*^^ ^^ fl^^^^ ^^^ enclosing the inflorescence of some Monoco 



a DaU?v- ^^ plants, when of a xnin yet aum i;uxxox^«v«w., — - . 

 •^e colour. ■ \ ■, ; . ;., ...^^.;#: ^ 



^' Oliijn^s are thn \^r^r.^. ^^^i^.t^^ f1.« flowers of 'Cw€i'ace(Z and Grammetz, 



narrow and 



■ t- ^_ 







I ^ f- 



' L - 





.\ 



