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ELEMENTARY BOTANY. ^^ 



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nnder the name of throat (fauces). Generally speaking, ^''^f ^^^' J^ ^fJSv^^^S 

 infimdibaliform, or other corollas, where the lower entire P.^'^t 1^^.^/ S^^^^^S ^ 

 the upper divided and more spreading part, t\ie distinction between the <«6e and 



the IM is drawn either at the point where the lobes separate, or at the part ^vhere 

 the corolla first expands, according to which is the most markea. f„„y;ar 



105. Irregular corollas have received various names according to the more familiar 

 ■fotms they Lave been compared to. Some of the most important a^e tHe 



bilabiate, or two-lippedcovolU, when, in a four- or hye-lobed ^o^oUa the two or 

 three upper lobes stand obviously apart, like an upper hp, t^P^.^fJ^l of lin or 

 lower ones or under lip. In Orchidew and some other families the name of hp, or 

 Udlum, is given to one of the divisions or lobes of the periantb. ^^oiection 



personate, when two -lipped, and the orifice of the tube closed by a projection 

 from the base of the upper or lower lip, called^a palate. 



ringent, when very widely two-lipped, nnd the orifice of the *^^« f ^^^ .^ ' o- 

 . spurred, when the tube or the lower part of a petal has a ^^-J^^^J J^^^^^^^ 

 ection, compared to the spur of a cock ; saccate, when the spur is ^bort ^nd round 

 like a little Lg ; gibbous, when T)rojecting at any part into a f g^^ s^^^^ ' J"''"' 



late, when marl^d^in any part with a slight g^^^'i^t.^^^.^^^'^^f.Tt '^^^^^^^ usually 

 mitpinate or reversed, -when a lip, spur, etc., which in aUied species is usually 



^T? T^ T^™"«*' ^^*^ ''''' IT'^- ,.A tn the forms of monopetalous corollas, 

 t lOG. The above terms are mostly applied to the lorms oi ^ J^ descriptive of 

 tut several are also applicable to those of polypetalous ones, ^enns descriptive oi 

 the special forms of coroUa in certain Natural Orders, will be explained under tnose 



''m. EK; terms used for describing the forms of l-es (3^f J ^J^ 



applicable to those of individual petals ; but the flat ^^P'^f ,f P^ai e^^^^on^^^^ 

 OOrresponding to the blade of the leaf, is called its lamrna, and the ^^f^'^^V^^J''' 

 h to the petiole, its claw {ungais). The stalked petal is said to be ungmcalate. 



^- ,v, , . § 10. The Stamem. 



108. Although in a few cases the outer stamens ^^y S^^^'^iX^^lJ^^ TeS 

 yet, m geudraCstamens are very different i^ ^^-^P^ *^l\S^t,3Xorten ' in the 



ornefjilfl n- ^» i.. : ^.^ 4-;^«i r^/Mnf nf view not tae less impui w» 



petals. It 

 ^iy of the V 



This 



pals 



the 



anther 



m , 



r- r. 



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'W. This usual form is a stalk, called thejimrnr^^. "---5 - -"7 , j^^^ 

 Jvided into two pouches or cells. These ^-^^^^^-^^"^ Jt^S wKe flower 



«^Pands, la scattered from an opening in each cell. When the two cci . 



.«>» iguous, the portion of the anthir that unites them is P,f J^.*^^^^^^ is 



^ HO The filament is often wanting, and the anther «««^f ^e Itlm^^^^^ 

 ■ perfect ; but if the anther, which fs the essen lal part of the ^t^^^^'^^ j^^,.^^ f; 

 ^ does not contain pollen, the stamen is imperfect and i^ then said to^o 

 4K (without pollen), abortive, or rudimentary (84), ^^^««^f,^°^ 



^Wh the impeiiction is carried. Imperfect stamens are of ten caUe^^^^ ^^^^^^ 



>. »y-. Iq unsymmetrical flowers, the stamens of each ^*^«^i^^'^^„ g^^eral Natural 

 ig^umher below that of the petals, even to a single one, and m several 



ii«^ ^^y ^^■e multiplied indefinitely. . , . fl„^.ers which have 



J, 2. The terms moLidroas and pohjandrous are ^f.^t^^^^^^'^i^^^^^^^ 

 ^y but one stamen, or an indefinite number respectively. Where several 



.?°ited into one. thp. flowpr is said to be siinandroM. 



sjimted into one, the flower is said to be sypandrous. 

 ^13. Stamena are 



"• Stamena are ... „„„ Muster This cluster 



eith.™ r ^'^''^^•"'«' w^en united by their filaments into one cluster ^^^^^^ 



nfff ^""^^ a tube rohnd the pistQ, or, if the pistil is wanting, occupie 

 Oftheflo^^,. ' ^ . Thetermis more 



^^.'"^dphous, when so united into two clusters or Pf^f^'J^J'- ^^ 

 2^=^% applied to certain Lcganunosa^, in which nine ^^^^^^^ "{^ 

 San^fv"'' *^« "PPe^ side, and a tenth, placed Hi,.a « *' ^f^^""' 

 P'^yits the stamen^ are equally distributed in the two clusters. 



,>v. ;:^- ■■.~: ■ ^ . ■■-..■■-■: :-■■ ..- .;■ 



.nited in a tube 

 In some other 









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