J 



'J i 



\ 



■■■>',-■■ 



* ■ ^ ■ ^ 



■n^ 



^ r \ _ - 



^-" -H ' * L 



r , 



^ ■ h J 



■-it, ^ . 



■=■ ■ -.1 -' .^ 



r ^ 



■■--: ."^-l' - V" V." 



V 



■ ^ 



E 



i- 



ELEMENTARY BOTANY. ^^" 



tnting together t'he <72/«CEce urn ; but tliis term is in little use, and ^^le worn ^-.u^ .= 

 more generally applied in a collective sense. When the ovanes are at all umtea, 

 "'they are commonly termed collectively a compound ovary. „„4 v^lnw 



124. The number of carpels or ovaries in a flower is frequently^ reduced below 

 tliat of the parts of the other floral whorls, even in flowers «t^™^%\yf,^'^^^^^^^ 

 In a veiy few genera, however, the ovaries are more numerous than ^^e pe\^^f ' "| 

 in<lefinite. They are in that case either arranged in a single whorl, or form a head 

 _or spike in the centre of the flower, ... jr„„„*wnor 



' 125. The terms movorjynous, digyvous, polygynous, etc (with a Pi^*'^ «* °"f 'J^"; to 

 more -parts), are vaguel/used, applying sometimes to the whole pistd, l^^^^^meZ 

 «ie ovaries alone, or to the styles or stigmas only. Where a more precise nomen 



clature is adopted, the flo wer is . . , 



monocarpellary, when the pistil consists of a sinde simple carpel. 

 M; tri., etc.. to polyrarpellavy, when the pistS consists of two, three, or an 



indefinite number of carpels, whether separate or united. 



s'picarpoHs, when the carpels or their ovaries are more or less united into on 



compound ovary. j j- f t 



apocarpous, when the carpels or ovaries are all free and distinct. 



126. A compound ovary is . . i . 4.v>„ rv^mlpq or 



, milociolar or one-cdled, when there are no partitions between the ovules 

 ^l^n these partitions do not meet in the centre so as to divide the cav ity mto 



1 r. 



several cells. 



- h ^ 



h! ^ 



t. 



^ plurilocalar or several-celled, when completely divided into *^? ,?^ ""^^.^ tS 

 h partitions called dhsepiments (septa), usually vertical and radiatm^ iro 

 centre or axis of the ovary to its circumference. ,, + ^ 



^^^ bi; tri; etc., to multi4ocular, according to the number of these cells, two, 



127. 'in generaU^he number of cells or of dissepiments, complete or partial or^f 



rows of ovules, corresponds ^^ith that of the carpels, of ^^^i^^.^inS two cells, 

 F-eed. But sometimes each carpel is divided completely or P'^^^ially into t^ o c^u , 



«r has two rows of ovules, so that the number of carpels '-^Plf F^/Jfg^^^S as 

 jeally is. Sometimes again the carpels are so comp etely conibined and rednced^ 

 to form a single cell, with a single ovule, although it really consists of several car 

 pels. But in these cases the ovary is usually described as it appears, as .veil 



, 8Uch as it is theorcticallv supposed to be. . ., stiirma. 



-,128. In apocarpous pistils the styles are usually free, o^ch bearing its own stigma 

 Very rarely the greater part of the styles, or the stigmas alone, are united, wm 

 the ovaries remain distinct 

 '-■' f?; Syncai-pous pistils : 



are said to have 



■^'ir 



•'• oyncai-pous pistils are saui to nave 



several styles, when the styles are free from the base. ^ ^ 



onnatic 



below the point where the stigmas or ^^^SJ^f ^^^^^''"'^^ ^he point where the 

 sample style, with several stigmas, when united up to tne poi 

 TOgmas or stigmatic surfaces commence and then separating. j 



one simpte style, uith a branched, lobe'd, toothed, notched, or eri^r. st^vm [asi 

 «^e may be), wheA the stigmas also are more or less unitecL 1° '"'^"^^^jj^^^^i^i; 

 I'o^ver, this precise nomenclature is not strictly adhered to, and consider 

 confnsion is often tbfi result. • . . , ^j.-.^^.. ;= tTn? 



■f. 



^ 130. f;-SX=ber of styles, or brandies of the «tyl^ - s^gma ^^ 

 gnie as that of the carpels, but sometimes that number ^« J^^^^^^f^,?^^^^^^ 

 ,f« stigmas, and sometime^ the stigmas are dichotomously or P^»2 ^^nations 

 I' Penjdllate, thatis, divided into a tuft of hair-like br^'^"*^^^^- /^JS forming a 

 r sometimes make it a difficult task to determine the number «JS<f the affinities 

 ^'npound ovary, but the point is of considerable ^'^P^'.f "f ^^^J^^ number 

 Jfplants, and, by careful consideration, the real as well as the ajjpare 



, "°^lii most cases been agreed upon. ■arTilA'^he ovules are 



J'\ Jt« Pl<icenta is the part of the inside of the ovary to winch tne^o^ ^^^^ 

 Jt =^ched, sometimes a mere point or line on the f^^r surface otten m ^^^ 



thickened or raised. Placentation is therefore the mdication of tne part 





ovules are attached. 





--■■:-:-..■ ^ ' 



"' ! ■"■ ■ .." ■.-.■",..-■ v-:;:, -;■■■- 



