H - 



rv ■ 



^ "J 



r 



i ^ 



■ 





ELEMENTARY BOTANY. 



&^L- 



*^" 



-'140. PefoZs, or aa it is frequently expressed, flowers, are , 



hjpogynous (i.e., tinder the ovary), wlien tliey or the disk that bears them are 

 entirely free hoth from the calyx and ovary. The ovary is then described as /ree or 



:alyx 



with 



ovary is then still described as free or superior, even though the combmea aisK anti 

 ^i,.!_i__i .. , "^ ..1 .1. !„:,.„;« +ho linffmn r the calvx IS 



or superior J even tnougu lue ^^um./ixi^^ ."«- —- 

 form a deeD cuo with the ovary lying in the bottom ; the calyx is 



^i^. 



\ - 



--.>. .« ucy,ee or zTi rerior, and the petals are described as inserted on the calyx 



epuiynom{i.e.,upou the ovary), when the disk bearing the petals is combined both 

 .^th the base of the calyx-tube and the base outside of the ovary ; either dosing over 

 file ovarj' so as only to leave a passage for tlie style, or leaving more or less ot the top 

 of the ovary free, but always adherin|to it above the level of the insertion of the lowest 

 ovule (except in a very few cases where the ovules are absolutely suspended trom tne 

 top of the ceU). In epigynous flowers the ovary is described as ddhei-ent or ivfemor 

 i^^calyx)iH adherent ov superior; the petals as inserted onoy above the ovary, in 

 some works, however, most epigynous flowers are included "i t^e pengynons ones, 

 and a verv rUff.r^nf TTionnino- is mven to the term epigynous (144 , and there are a 



cases 



■_ L 



- 1 



few 



Perigynous flowers, o'r ag'^n" between the perigynous and hypogynous lowers. ^ 

 ;^141. When ther^ are no petals, it is the insertion of the stamens that determines 

 the difference between the h^^pogynous, perigynous, and epigynous flowers. 

 142. When there are both petals aaid stamens, , r.ihcr 



m hypogynous flowers, the petals and stamens are usually free from each other 

 but sometimes they are combined at the base. In that case, if the Pfals are 

 distinct from each other, and the stamens are monadelphous the petals ajeotten 

 •aid to be inserted on or combined with the staminal tube ; if the ef.^'f ^'Llw.?/S 

 talous and the stamens distinct from each other, the latter are said to be inserted m 



^"^ tube of the corolla i •+>,■ 



in perigynous flowers, the stamens are usually inserted ^f "^e^^J^^I^Jy^^^S 

 tiie petals, or alternating with them on the edge of the disk, but occasionally muclx 

 lower down within the disk, or even on the unenlarged part of the receptaciu 

 . "1 epigynous flowers, when the petals are distinct, the ^t^™ tWcSmen^ 

 "ferted as in perigynous flowers ; when the corolla is gamopetalous, «;e stamens 

 are either free and epigynous, or combined at the base wTth (inserted in) the tube ot 

 thecoroUa. i' kj . • ff 



^J«. When the receptacle is distinctly elongated below the oji^ry. rt is ^ 

 ^Ued ^gynobasis. gynophore, or stalk of the ovary. If the f lo^g'"**'"^ *^S to be 

 ^01^ he stamens or below the petals, these stamens or Petf^//^ ,*j^ Scribed as 

 ^^.ertedon the stallc of the ovary, and are occasionally, ^^^t/^l^^^^'^,^ f^ltyith 

 "^mous. Really epigynous stamens (i.e., when the filaments are combined with 

 the ovary) are very ra?e, unless the rest of the flower is epigynous. 

 ^144. An epigynous disk is a name given either to the thickened summit of the 

 f'^y. "^, ^Pigyiious flowers, or very rarely to a real disk or enlargement ot the 



receptacle closilla ovP.r t.liAnvnrv • - , .^._:„ 



A 



the 



parts 



^^. 



-J 



same or in different whorls, they are ^ ^, , 



■ ■ ^"'nueni, when nearer together at the summit than at the base. 

 • S divergent, when further ajart at the summit than at the base. , ^^j^ 



^ ^oherent, when united together, but so slightly that they can be separatea 

 & \« ^?«eration ; and one of the two coherent parts (iisua^ly ^^^^^^^^"^^l^^Xl 

 giportant) ig said to be adherent to the other. Grammatically «P«^„k/°f ' ^g^.' p^a c- 

 SllT^'y ^^^^ly tl^e «ame meaning, but require a different f om of I'J' "«« ' ^^-^^ 



S^7\^^^ i* ^ ^^e" f«""^ "•ore convenient to restrict "'.'^t^^" *°;^"horis. 



P^ of the same whorl, and adhesion to the union of parts «* d»^["^*^^ i^cera- 



«o^ eS o"f^T ^^ '''^''^ ""^'^^ ^^* f'^ ''" Uv ttfoCSt -nsfdered 

 the „« if ^ ^^ *^e two connate parts, and especially that one wu 



^\'"' °^ *^^ l^^t importance, is said to be adnaU to the other. 



Py, when neither coherent nor connate, 'a 



of 



.-^ ^ _ *. 



^'1 t^r\'^ 



.^' ji'"' . 



1- 



••• . .. 



c2 



T 



