6 CXVII. CHENOPODIACEX. (J. D. Hooker.) [Spinacia. 
Perianth subglobose, 2-4-toothed ; fruiting enclosing the utricle, coriaceous, 
unarmed or with 2-3 dorsal spines. Stigmas long, filiform, connate below. 
Utricle hard, compressed, adnate to the perianth. Seed vertical, testa thin, 
albumen floury; embryo annular.—Species 4, Oriental, 2 of them extensively 
cultivated. 
S. oleracea, Linn. Sp, Pl. 1027; erect, leaves deltoid ovate acuminate 
acutely broadly pinnatifidly lobed, fruiting perianths free 2-epinous. Mog. 
in DC. Prodr. xii. 2. 118; Lamk. Encycl. t. 814; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 
171; Dalz. & Gibs. Suppl. 23. S. tetrandra, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 771; Wight 
Ie. t. 818; Wall. Cat. 6949. 
Cultivated throughout Ixp1A.— Native country unknown. 
The S. tetrandra of Roxburgh is not the plant of Stevens, as M. de Candolle 
assumes it to be (“Origine des Plantes Cultivée," 79), but the common S. oleracea, 
which, as Boissier points out, is distinguished from S. tetrandra by the free fruiting 
perianths. Nevertheless De Candolle's suggestion that the cultivated S. oleracea is a 
derivative from the S. tetrandra, Stev., which is indigenous in the Caucasus, is a very 
reasonable one. — Spinach. 
5. ATRIPLEX, Linn. 
Herbs or shrubs, usually mealy. Leaves rarely opposite. Flowers monœ- 
or diccious. Marr fl. ebracteate. Sepals 3-5, oblong, obtuse. Stamens 
3-5. Fem. fl. 2-bracteate; bracts flat, accrescent, dilated in fruit and forming 
a 2-valved covering to the utricle. Perianth 0. — Utricle at the base of the 
greatly enlarged and hardened bracts; stigmas 2. Seed erect, or inverse 
and suspended from the funicle, rarely horizontal, testa various, albumen 
floury; embryo annular.—Species about 100, all temperate, cool and tropical 
regions. 
* Flowers polygamous. Seed of the female fi. vertical, of the bisexual 
horizontal. E 
1. A. hortensis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 1053; annual, stout, erect, leaves not 
mealy triangular-cordate upper ovate-lanceolate, spikes axillary and in 
terminal panicles, fruiting bracts nearly free thin orbicular or elliptic reticu- 
late obtuse or mucronate. Mog.in DC. Prodr. xiii.2.91; Boiss, Fl. Orient. 
iv. 907; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 171; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 73. 
A. virgata, Roth Nov. Sp. 377; Mog. l.c.97. A. bengalensis, Lamk. 
Dict, i. 276. A. heterantha, Wight Ic. t. 1787. 
Cultivated in many parts of BENGAL, the Deccan, N.W. Inpra and up to 
12,000 ft. in the WESTERN HIMALAYA and TrsET.—DisTRIB. Cultivated in Europe 
and N. and W. Asia, 
This, the Arroche, Orache or Mountain Spinach of the French, is of unknown 
origin, being found only under cultivation or in cultivated ground.—4A specimen of 
this from Heyne, in Rottler's Herbarium, bears the name A. virgata, thus identifying 
that obscure plant, which Roth described from very young individuals. 
** Annuals, with monecious flowers. . 
2. A. crassifolia, C. A. Mey. in Ledeb. FI. Alt. iv. 300; green and 
hoary, erect or ascending and diffuse, branches white, leaves petioled oblong 
or ovate-oblong or hastately ovate obtuse entire or sinuate-toothed upper 
entire often acute, male clusters in slender leafless interrupted spikes, 
fruiting bracts rhombic-ovate or orbicular herbaceous entire or toothed with 
a very thick white convex smooth disk and base. Mog. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 
