Rhopaloenemis.] cxxxiv. parANOPHOREX. (J. D. Hooker.) 239 
R. phalloides, Jungh. in Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. xviii. Suppl. 1. 
233; Gæppert l. c. xxii. 1. 148, t. 11-15; Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxii. 
92, t. 12; Kichler in DC. Prodr. xvii. 138. Phaocordylis areolata, Griff: 
ia Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 100, t. 8. 
EASTERN NEPALESE and SIKKIM HIMALAYA; on roots of trees, alt. 6-8000 ft., 
J. D. H. Kuasta Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft., Griffith, &c.—DrsTRIB. Java. 
Rootstock from the size of a pigeon’s egg to that of a man’s head, hard and 
rough, perennial; sheaths at the base of the peduncles short, 3-1 in. diam. Peduncles 
1-4 in. long, 2 in. diam. or less, (and heads) pale brown, cylindric, smooth or of the 
male warted with scattered deformed bracts. Heads 3-8 in. long by 2-3 diam., 
the females most elongate; bracts 2 in. diam., formed of peltate stipitate truncate 
6-sided pyramids, cohering by their edges and falling away in masses. Male 
Jlowers with the staminal column 3-4 in. long, projecting far beyond the dense velvety 
mass of filaments, Female Jl. most minute; styles bent down beneath the bracts, 
projecting as minute hairs when released.—The germination of this genus and of 
Bálanophora should be studied, for the structure of their seeds is very obscure. 
Order CXXXV. EUPHORBIACEE. 
.. Herbs shrubs or trees, often with milky juice. Leaves alternate or oppo- 
site, rarely divided or compound, usually stipitate. Inflorescence various; 
flowers usually small, often minute, always unisexual (in Huphorbia consist- 
ing of single gaked stamens in a perianth-like involucre, surrounding a 
solitary pistil). Perianth simple and calycine, rarely petioled, often wanting 
u one or both sexes, rarely double, with the inner of. 4~5 minute petals. 
tamens various ; anthers 2-celled, often didymous. Ovary superior, of 3, 
rarely more, or 2 carpels, more or less united together; styles as many as 
the carpels, free or united, entire or-divided, stigmatic surface usually on the 
inner face of the styles or style-arms # ovules 1-2 in each carpel, pendulous 
tom the inner angle of the cell, funicle often thickened. , Fruit either a 
capsule of 2-valved 1-2-seeded cocci separating from a persistent axis, or a 
rupe with 1-3 cells, or of one or more combined nuts. Seed lateral y 
attached at or above the middle of the cell, with or without an aril or thick- 
ening at the hilum. Embryo straight, in a fleshy albumen, „with n 
cotyledons and a superior radicle, very rarely exalbuminous with ! eshy 
cotyledons.—Genera 200 ; species about 3000, chiefly tropical; very rare in 
cold countries, 
. Various ornamental s ecies ef this Order are frequent in Indian gardens, espe- 
cially Pedilanthus tithymaloides, Poit. (Kurz For. Fl. ii. 418; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. 
Suppl. 76), a West Indiau succulent shrub allied to Euphorbia, but with d 
Scarlet slipper-shaped involucre, which is much cultivated in native gardens, and 
Planted in hedges; and various species of Croton with mottled green yellow an pe 
mvc and the scarlet bracted Poinsettia pulcherrima, which is a true " is both 
e American Æ. geniculata, Ortega (E. prunifolia, Jacq., Wall, Cat. 7690), is b 
Cultivated in gardens, and has been found apparently wild, but no doubt as an escapes 
in the Sutlej Valley. Others cultivated for useful purposes and epe saria 
apparently wild are the castor-oil plant, Ricinus communis, Linn., and zeæeari 
sebifera, Müller, both now so well naturalized iu India, that I have iutroduce d rem 
Into the Flora; as also the candle nut, Aleurites triloba, Forst., a tree, native ° P 
Pacific Islands, with oily albuminous seeds, that are used both as an illuminant an 
in cookery, The Manihot utilissima, Pohl (Kurz For. Fl. ii. 402), a South American 
tall herbaceous plant, with a tuberous root which yields Cassava bread and Tapioca 
appears to me to have no claim to be introduced into the Flora, though cultivate 
ere and there, 
Tarse I, Euphorbieæ. Flowers monocious; males numerous, con- 
