538 CXXXVI. URTICACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Antiaris. 
The DEccAN PENINSULA, on the Ghats, from the Concan southwards. Prev 
to MaRTABAN, Kurz. CEYLON; in the drier parts of the island.—DisTRIB. Malay 
Islands, 
A majestic tree, attaining 250 ft. ; branchlets glabrous, pubescent or pruinose, young 
villously hirsute. Leaves 4-8 in., glossy, base rounded or cordate ; young lanceolate, 
serrulate, hirsute; petiole very short. Male receptacles orbicular and peduncles 
velvety, } in. diam. Fruit like a small fig, purple, scarlet or crimson, pyriform, 
velvety, intensely bitter, tipped with a few bracts.—Kurz was the first to unite the 
western A. saccidora with the eastern toxicaria. The N. Australian A. macrophylla, 
Br., may be the same, for A. toxicaria is found as far eastward as Timor. According 
to Dalzell, the leaves on the shoots are very different from the old, being densely 
hirsute, elliptic-lanceolate, caudate acuminate, and serrulate ; similar but much larger 
leaves, 6-10 by 2-34 in., occur in Malayan specimens named A. rufa, Miquel, 
from Batsam and Suembu Pula (Hort. Bogor. No. 7311, 7302). Low sends from 
Perak as the Ipo (A. toxicaria) a species with oblong acute entire leaves 3-6 by 13- 
3 in., which are scabrid above and hirsutely tomentose beneath ; and Pierre has the 
same as A. innoxia, Blume, from Cochin China. 
19. CUDRANTA, Trecul. 
Shrubs or small trees, usually spinous, erect or scandent. Leaves alter- 
nate, quite entire, penninerved ; stipules lateral, small. Flowers dicecious 
in small naked globose heads, bracteolate. MALE rr. Sepals 3-5, oblong, 
obtuse, adnate to 2-4 bracts,imbricate. Stamens 4, erect, more or less adnate 
to the sepals. Pistillode subulate or 0. Fem. ru. Sepals broader than m 
the male, embracing the ovary. Ovary straight; style terminal, simple or 
2-partite, arms stout or slender; ovule pendulous. Achenes enclosed 1n the 
enlarged fleshy bracts and perianth forming a globose fleshy head, ovoid, 
compressed, crustaceous. Testa membranous, albumen scanty ; cotyledons 
twisted and folded, equal or unequal, embracing the slender upcurve 
radicle.—Species 3 or 4? Asiatic, Australian and New Caledonian. 
Habit and foliage of Plecospermum. 
1. C. javanensis, Trecul in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. iii. viii. (1847) 1235 
branchlets pubescent, spines straight or recurved, leaves 1-3 in. oblong oF 
obovate to oblanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate glabrous, nerves slender 
8-10 pairs, style 2-fid short. Brand. For. Fl. 425; Benth. Fl. Austral. v1. 
179. C. amboinensis, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 434. Cudranus Rumphii, Thwaites 
Enum. 262; Bedd. For. Man. 220, t. 27, f. 1. C. amboinensis, Miq. Ft. 
Ind. Bat. i. ii. 290. Maclura amboinensis, javanica & timorensis, Blume 
Mus, Bot. ii. 83, 84, t. 31. M. javanica, Mig. l. c. 280. Trophis spinosa, 
Blume Bijd. 489 ; Willd. Sp. PL iv. 734 (im part). Plecospermum cunel- 
folium, Thwaites in Hook. Kew Journ. vi. (1854) 303; Wall. Cat. 4641 B, D. 
Batis fruticosa, Roxb. ? Wall. Cat. 4643 B. Morus Cudranus, Herb. 
Ham.—Cudranus, Rumph. Amb. v. 22, t. 15, 16. 
TnRoPICAL HIMALAYA, from Garwhal eastwards to the Kaasta HILIS. 
CHITTAGONG, PERAK and MaraCcA. CEYLON, common in the drier par 
island.—DisTRIB. E. Africa, Malay Islands, Australia. ves 
A straggling or subscandent shrub, or small tree with drooping branchlets. Leani 
reticulate, base obtuse; petiole } in. or less. Flower-heads solitary or binate, un 
peduncled, pubescent; males } in. diam.; fem. smaller at first, $ in. diam. in PAIS 
Sepals of male 3-5, cuneate, unequal, hairy. Fem. fl. more or less incurvec ; sets 
4, tips thickened, velvety. Fruit 2-3 in. diam., glaucous green, velvety.— T ina 
C. javenensis (Ic. t. 1960), founded on the Morus scandens, Hort. Calc. from China, 
differs in the obovoid or subclavate fem. heads and very long style-arms. 
Bu RMA, 
ts of the 
