572 CXXXVI. URTICACER. (J. D. Hooker) (Zlatostema. 
Stem 2-3 ft. long or more, stout or slender; base rooting. Leaves blackish green 
when dry, often sparsely setulose above, nerves 3—5 pairs, spreading, laxly reticulate ; 
cystoliths invisible ; stipules 1-1 in., lanceolate or linear-oblong, acute, obtuse or 
apiculate. Receptacles dicecious, or monecious with the fern. below; males 4-3 m. 
diam. ; peduncles 1-12 in. slender; invol. bracts glabrous, outer confluent, horns 
4-1 in. laterally flattened, flowers small; fem. recepts with small invol. bracts, and 
bracteoles and minute achenes as in E. sikkimense, but sessile. 
26. E. stellatum, Hook. f.; stem erect rusty-puberulous, leaves 
4-6 in. sessile submembranous falcately oblong caudate-acuminate 
coarsely serrate in the upper half, base acute, nerves glabrous beneath, 
male and fem. recepts on long slender peduncles, invol. bracts very many 
confluent below all with stellately spreading spur-like horns. 
SIKKIM H1MALAYA ; at Rungbee, alt. 4—5000 ft., Clarke. 
Stem 6-8 in., suberect from the base, rigid and red-brown when dry. Leaves 
quite glabrous, thicker than in E. sikkimense and nasutum, cystoliths small many and 
obvious in some leaves, invisible in others ; base always acute; nerves rather strong ; 
stipules 1—J in., linear-oblong, acute. Recepts dicecious or monccious with the males 
above, 1-2 in. diam. ; peduncles 1-2 in., filiform ; invol. bracts confluent in a fleshy 
puberulous disk, outer broadly triangular; tips of both inner and outer free, sub- 
ulate, 51; in. long, with here and there one twice or thrice as long; male fl. pinkish, 
sepals rounded; fem. fl. very minute; bracteoles fimbriate, outer linear, inner 
spathulate, and achenes as in E. sikkimense. 
27. E. surculosum, Wight Ic. t. 9091, f. 4; stem erect from the 
rooting base tufted glabrous or pubescent above stout or slender, leaves 
4-8 in. glabrous sessile membranous or coriaceous polymorphous subentire 
crenate serrate or pinnatifid each with a small oblong subopposite one 
that is often deflexed, cystoliths numerous, stipules minute, male recepts 
sessile long-peduncled, invol. bracts of male rounded or the outer horned, 
fem. smaller sessile, achene slender ribbed. Wedd. Monogr. 329. 
diversifolium, Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvi. i. 189. E. letum, Wedd. in Ann. 
Sc. Nat. Ser. 4, i. 190. Procris diversifolia, elegans & læta, Wall. Cat. 
4631, 4632, 4637. P P. monandra, Ham. in Don Prodr. 61. 
TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, from Simla, alt, 4—7C00 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 4-9000 ft. 
The Kuasta Mrs., abundant, alt. 4-6000 ft, Naca Hirzs, alt. 9000 ft, Clarke 
NireniRi MTs., Wight. CEYLON; Central Province, ascending to 6000 ft. 
Diccious or monecious, Stem 8-12 in., stout and fleshy or slender, always 
tufted, prostrate or ascending, base not or very shortly creeping, stoloniferous. Leave 
usually numerous, increasing in size upwards, membranous coriaceous Or almost 
fleshy, small opposite ones 431,— in., green, usually oblong, obtuse, entire, the we 
sometimes imbricate upwards and the smaller imbricate downwards; in form t M 
vary from almost orbicular to cuneiform elliptie oblong ovate-lanceolate lanceo i 
or faleately oblanceolate; they are always perfectly ‘glabrous, green or yellow 
when dry; the tips vary from obtuse to caudate, the margius usually in the m 
half only, but sometimes from the base, subentire to 2-3 crenate, or many -toot l 
serrate or pinnatifid, the bases from very acute to obtuse and rounded, very d 
subauricled on one side; nerves few faint, even in the most membranous forms, " 
pair prolonged to the middle or beyond it. Male recepts 1— in. diam, pale mer; 
peduncles longer than the leaves, sometimes three or four times as long, very sler ond 
invol. bracts free, broad, membranous, all rounded or one or more with @ very hi ch 
spreading or recurved acute laterally compressed spur or horn, the base 0 eet 
occupies the whole length of the bract; flowers few, long-pedicelled ; fem. small 
much smaller; bracteoles ciliate.—I have seen no Nilghiri specimens. Too patil 
subopposite leaves are the best character for this species, which is extraordl 
protean in habit and foliage. The following are extreme forms, which seem 
into one another in a perplexing way. 
