598 OXXXIX. CASUARINEX. (J. D. Hooker) [Casuarinee. 
Orper OXXXIX. CASUARINEIE. 
Leafless trees or shrubs ; branchlets cylindric, grooved, jointed, inter- 
nodes terminating in a short sheath of connate subulate scales (leaves). 
Flowers unisexual; males in terminal spikes formed of short superposed 
toothed cups; fem. in ovoid or globose heads, bracteate and 2-bracteolate. 
MALE FL. Sepals 1 or 2, concave, circumsciss at the base. Stamen 1, im- 
flexed in bud; anther large. Frm. rr. Ovary minute, l-celled; style 2-fid, 
arms filiform, stigmatose to the base. Ovules 2, collateral, semianatropous. 
Fruit an oblong or cylindric cone formed of the enlarged hardened bracts 
and bracteoles, together forming 2-valved cavities enclosing the compressed 
winged achenes ; wing terminal, tipped by the style. Albumen 0; embryo 
straight, cotyledons flat equal, radicle very short superior.—Genus 1; 
species about 23, Australian, a few Malayan and Pacific. 
CASUARINA, Forst. 
CHARACTER OF THE ORDER. 
_ G. equisetifolia, Forst. Char. Gen. 103, f. 53; branchlets ‘filiform, 
internodes 3 in., sheaths with 6-8 appressed teeth, male spikes cylindric or 
subclavate, fruit oblong or globose. Miquel in DC. Prodr. xvi. 1. 338; 
Brand. For. Fl. 435; Kurz For. FL ii. 494; Gamble Man. Ind. Timb. 346; 
rg Forester’s Man. t.226. C. muricata, Roab. Fl. Ind. iii. 519; Wall. 
at. . 
On the east side of the Bay of BENGAL, from Chittagong southward, cultivated 
elsewhere in India.— DISTRIB. Malay Islands, Australia, Pacific. . 
A very tall diccious ? leafless tree, branches drooping; branchlets deciduous, 
cylindrie or sub-6-8.angled. Male spikes about X in.; fem. peduncled. Fruit 1 in. 
diam. with about 12 rows of puberulous achenes, hardened bracts puberulous, 
obovate-oblong, mucronate. 
OrDER CXL. CUPULIFERZJE. 
_ Trees or shrubs, moncecious or dicecious. Leaves alternate, penninerved ; 
stipules free, caducous, Male fl. spicate; sepals 1-5, free or connate or ^ 
Stamens 2-20, on a hairy torus, or on the base of the sepals. Fi em. ft. solitary 
spicate or capitate; perianth adnate to the ovary or 0, limb minute ; ovary 
2-3, rarely 4-6-celled; styles or style-arms as many as the cells; ovules y 
or 2-collateral, pendulous, anatropous. Fruit included within orm t e do s 
of often greatly enlarged bracts. Seed pendulous, albumen 0; cotyledons 
plano-convex sometimes rugose or ruminate, radicle superior.—Genera , 
species about 400, chiefly North temperate. 
Tribe I. Betuleæ. Male spikes pendulous; sepals 4or fewer ; stama i 
2-4, Fem. spikes catkin-like, pendulous or suberect; periant Os in the 
2-celled, 2-ovuled; styles or style-arms 2. Nut small, compressed, 1n 
axils of the bracts. 
Scales of fem. spikes thin, deciduous 
Scales of fem. spike thick, persistent 
1. BETULA. 
2. ALNUS. 
. - . . . LI 
. p ianth 
Tribe II. Quercineze. Male spikes deciduous or persistent ; perian 
4-l0-lobed or parted. Fem. fl. l3 Pd nad Snvolucre of many bracts which 
: . . } d 
enlarge in fruit forming a cup at the base of or becoming confluent an 
enclosing one or more nuts; ovary 3-7-celled, cells 2-ovuled. 
