Cupulifera.) CXL. CUPULIFERE. (J. D. Hooker.) 599 
Involucre of many imbricating appressed bracts . . . . . . 8. QUERCUS. 
{nvolucre armed with clusters of spines or tubercles . . . . . 4. CASTANOPSIS. 
. Tribe III. Corylese. Male spikes pendulous; perianth 0; stamens 
included between 2-bracteoles ; anthers hairy at the tips. Fem. fl. in pairs 
in the axils of the leafy or coriaceous bracts that enlarge greatly in fruit; 
ovary imperfectly 2-celled, cells 1-ovuled. 
Fem. spike minute, few-fld. ; bracts minute, greatly enlarged and 
convolute in frait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. CORYLUS. 
Fem. spike of many leafy veined bracts, which are lat and ‘elongated 
in fruit 2... kee ee a es 6. CARPINUS. 
1. BETULA, Tourn. 
Trees or shrubs, moncecious. Leaves alternate, deciduous, penninerved, 
toothed or serrate. Male fi. in pendulous spikes; bracts peltate, with 3 bi- 
bracteolate flowers; sepals 2-4; stamens 2, filaments forked separating 
the anther-cells. Fem. Ji. in erect or pendulous spikes; bracts imbricate, 
bracteoles 2 adnate to the bract which thus appears 3-lobed; perianth 0 ; 
ovary compressed, 2-celled, cells 1-ovuled; styles 2, slender, stigmas ter- 
minal. Fruit a spike of lenticular winged or margined nuts; cotyledons 
flat. —Species about 25, N. temp. Arctic, and Andean. 
l B. utilis, Don Prodr. 58; shoots and young leaves pubescent, 
leaves ovate acuminate irregularly serrate glandular beneath bracts of male 
spikes stipitate ; fem. spike stout subsolitary, bracts pubescent broader 
than the wings of the nut. B. Bhojpattra, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 7 ; 
Cat. 2792; Lindl, Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc. 73; Brand. For, FI. 437; Regel 
9nogr. 58, t. 6, f. 13-19; t. 13, f. 7-14; DC. Prodr. xvi. ii. 177 ; Gamble 
Man. Ind, Timb. 372. B. Jacquemontii, Spach. in Ann. Mus. Ser. 2, xv. 
189, and in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. t. 158; Regel in DO. l. c. 1718. B. Bhoj- 
pattra, var. e. Jacquemontii, Regel. Monogr. 60, t. 6, f. 60; DC. l c. 177. 
‘Castanea, Herb. Ham. 
TEMPERATE HIMALAYA and WESTERN TIBET; from Kashmir, alt. 7-12,000 ft., 
to Sikkim, alt, 9-14,000 ft., and Bhotan.—DISTRIB. Japan, Affghanistan. 
A tree, 40-50 ft., or shrub at high altitudes; bark peeling in horizontal flakes. 
“ves 2-3 in.; nerves 8-12 pairs; petiole 1-3 in. Bracts of male ciliate, stipes 
scaly ; anthers glabrous except the tip. Fem. spikes 1-2 in., by $-% in. diam. ; 
pings of nut equalling or narrower than the nucleus.—I see no reason for abandoning 
«m S name of utilis, as no one doubts its belonging to this plant ; the barbarous name 
Bhojpattra ” is common to this and B. alnoides. Regel (in DC.) cites B. Jac- 
Tremonti as a species, and as a var. of B. Bhojpattra. 
ton B. alnoides, Ham. in Don Prodr. 58; shoots and young leaves 
i Mentose, leaves ovate or ovate-oblong or -lanceolate acuminate unequally 
' publy or trebly often cuspidately serrate pubescent beneath when young, 
S'andular when old, spikes slender panicled, bracts of fem. narrower than 
s Véry broad wings of the nut. B. acuminata, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 7, 
Me Ctt. 2793; Brand. For. Fl, 458, t.56; Kurz For, FL ii. 476; Gamble 
" dr Ind. Timb. 372; Regel Monogr. 71; DC. Prodr. xvi. i. 179. B. ni- 
Ye Donl. ©; Wall. Cat 2795 ; Lindl. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. i. 7; Regel 
Rei yy 123 DC. 10.180. B. cylindrostachys, Wall. l. c.; Cat. 2794; 
egel Monogr, 61, t. 6, £. 32, 34, and t. 13, f. 29; DC. l. c. 179. B. affinis, 
Endl, Gen. Pi. Suppl. iv. ii. 20; Regel in DC. l.c.  Betulaster cylindro- 
