600 CXL, CUPULIFERZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Betula. 
stachya, acuminata, affinis & nitida,’ Spach. in Ann. Mus. Ser. 2, xv. 198, 
199, 200. 
TEMPERATE and SUBTROPICAL HIMALAYA, alt. 5—10,000 ft., from the Sutlej to 
the Mishmi Hills; KHasIA and MaRTA2AN HiLLs, alt. 3—6000 ft. MUNNIPORE, 
alt. 9000 ft., Watt. 
A tree, 50-60 ft. ; young plants and shoots sometimes cottony-tomentose. Leaves 
3-6 in, base cuneate rounded or cordate; petiole 4-3 in. Male and fem. spikes 
3-5 in., slender, fascicled, pendulous; anthers fem. bracts ovary and style hairy; 
wings of nut rounded much broader than the nucleus.— Wallich having. in his cata- 
logue cited (as a variety) Don’s B. alnoides under his B. acuminata, I do not see 
how the former name, given to the plant by its discoverer Hamilton, can be set aside. I 
follow Brandis in uniting with it B. cylindrostachys, for which I can find no character. 
Gamble, however, keeps it distinct, giving as a character the bark flaking vertically. 
2. ALNUS, Gerin. 
Deciduous trees or shrubs, moncecious. Leaves alternate, penninerved. 
Male fl. in solitary or panicled pendulous spikes; bracts 3-fld. with 3-5 
adnate bracteoles; sepals 4; stamens 4, anthers subsessile. Fem. jl. 1n 
short erect spikes; bracteoles 2-4, minute; perianth 0; ovary 9.celled, 
celis 1-ovuled ; styles-2, tips stigmatose. Fruit asmall woody cone ; bracts 
persistent, covering the small crustaceous 1-seeded nuts ; testa membranous ; 
cotyledons flat.—Species about 14, N. temperate and Andean. 
_ l. A. nepalensis, Don Prodr. 58; branchlets glabrous, leaves ellip- 
tic-lanceolate acute entire or subentire, fruiting spikes in large erect 
anicles. Regel Monogr. Bot. 83, t. 16, f. 4-6; t.13, f. 40-43, and in DC. 
rodr. xvi, i. 181; Brand. For. Fl. 460; Kurz For. FI. ii. 476; Wall. PI. 
As. Rar. ii. 27, t. 131; Oat. 2799, Clethropsis nepalensis, Spach. in Ann. 
Mus. Ser. 2, xv. 202. Betula leptostachya, Wall. Herb. . 
TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 3-9000 ft., from Chamba to the Mishmi Hills 1n 
Upper Assam. Kmasra HILLS. Ava, on the Khaken Hills, Kurz. YUNA™ 
Anderson. 
A deciduous tree, flowering after the leaves. Leaves 3-7 by 2-4 in., subglaucous 
beneath, nerves 10-18 pairs; petiole4-2in. Male spikes 4—10 in., in terminal droop- 
ing panicles ; flowers in clusters of 6-12 ; stamens mixed with ciliate scales under each 
bract. Fem. spikes } in., pendulous in flower. Fruit spikes in lateral panicles, ea^ 
4-1 in. long, ellipsoid or subcylindric ; nuts with a membranous wing. 
2. A. nitida, Endl. Gen. Pl. Suppl. iv. ii. 90; branchlets pubescent, 
leaves elliptic-ovate or elliptic acuminate obscurely crenate or entire, ase 
cuneate rarely rounded, fruiting spikes solitary or in short erect racemes: 
Regel Monogr. Bot. 82, t. 14, £, 23-30, and in DC, Prodr. xvii. 181; Bran’ 
for, Fl. 461, t. 57. Clethropsis nitida, Spach. in Ann, Mus. Ser. 2, xv. 207, 
and in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 159, t. 159. 
WESTERN TEMPERATE HIMALAYA, alt. 5-9000 ft., from Kashmir to Kunawur, 
sometimes descending into the plains. l the 
A large deciduous tree, attaining 100 ft., and trunk 15 ft. girth ; flowering after bei 
leaves. Leaves 4-8 in., sometimes 31 broad, nerves 8-12 pairs, axils beneath Xn 
tufts of hair; petiole 1-14 in. Male spikes 2 in. long, in terminal erect often e s 
racemes, Fem. spikes 1-2 by 2 in. diam. ; fruiting ovoid oblong or cylindric, — J 
Nut with a narrow thickened margin. 
3. QUERCUS, Linn. 75 
Deciduous or evergreen trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, entr 
