640 CXLIL CERATOPHYLLEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Ceratophyllum. 
nearly smooth or tubercled, sides rounded, lateral spines deflexed, anthers 2-cuspidate. 
Wight & Arn. Prodr. 309 ; Wight Ic. t. 1918, t. 8 ; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. i. 800. 
C. indicum, Herb. Willd. C. demersum, Klein mss.—Chamisso’s C. oxyacanthum, 
f. 6 b, is the smooth-fruited state of this. 
C. muricatum, Cham. l.c. f. 6c; fruit ellipsoid or ovoid more compressed 
winged wing toothed, surface tubercled, lateral spines horizontal or deflexed, pe 
(in Wight's figure) truncate. Wight Ic. t. 1948, f. 1, 2.—1u Wight’s fig. 1 the 7 
segments are entire, in f. 2 they are denticulate, and the perianth segments of the 
male fl. are entire. C. platyacanthum, Cham. l. c. f. 6 a, seems to be this. 
C. Missionis, Wall. Cat. 7007; fruit ellipsoid compressed tubercled narrowly 
winged and wings toothed, lateral spines decurved, connective bicuspidate. Wig 
Ic. t. 1948, f. 4. 
CLASS, GYMNOSPERMÆ. 
Orver CXLIII. GNETACEJIE. 
Trees or shrubs; branches jointed at the nodes. Leaves opposite, 
large and green or minute scale-like, exstipulate. Flowers in axillary of 
terminal spikes or cones, moncecious or diccious. MALE FL. tubular or p 
2-4 sepals. Anthers 2-8, subglobose, 1-3-celled, sessile or subsessile on t H 
top of a column formed of the connate filaments, Frm. ri. Ovule erec 
with 2 or 3 coats of which one is produced into a styliform tube with a 
discoid mouth. Seed dry or drupaceous, albumen copious or scanty; 
embryo straight, cotyledons appressed, radicle long superior.—Genera 9» 
species about 40, temperate and tropical. 
Shrubs, leafless or nearly so se ee 
. ]. EPHEDRA. 
Trees or shrubs with large green leaves . 
2. GNETUM. 
l. EPHEDRA, Linn. 
Erect or subscandent rigid shrubs, branches opposite or fascicled, terete, 
striate, with opposite scales at the nodes which are rarely produced mte 
linear leaves. Flowers in the axils of the decussately opposite bracts ia 
solitary or fascicled cones ; bracts dry or fleshy in fruit, lower empty, mate 
l-fld. MALE rr; perianth of 2 opposite compressed membranous sepa » 
anthers 2-10, sessile or stipitate on the top of a column formed by t T 
connate filaments, cells 2 globose. Frm. FL., a naked ovule with the oute 
coat produced into a styliform tube. Seeds usually oblong, plano-conve™ 
testa dry.—Species 8 or 10, Europe, Temp. Asia, S. America. sth 
It is impossible to define the limits of the West Asiatic species of Ephedra wi 
out careful observations on the living plants; young: and old specimens of ring 
species appear to differ very considerably, as do individuals from localities di P nens 
in altitude and humidity. Dr. Aitchison’s and Gritfith!s copious suites of Spr is 
from Aflrhanistan and Beluchistan are very puzzling, and the forms (of vulga v. 
from the dry region of Tibet are no less so. I have many specimens from ^ 
India that I do not know whether to refer to vulgaris or pachyclada. 
. 8 
l. E. vulgaris, Rich. Conif. 26 (excl. figs. a, D, E, F); branchi 
rather slender erect striate nearly smooth, bracts connate to the m! ‘ 
not margined eciliate, anthers 6-10 sessile or subsessile. Parlat, ^^ "pr 
Prodr. xvi. ii. 355; Brand. For. Fl. 501. E. distachya, Linn. ; Boeck, 
Orient. v. 713. E. monostachya & distachya, Linn. Sp. P. 1040; 7. 348. 
Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 539. E. Gerardiana, Wall. Cat. 6048; Royle. "m 3 
Parlat. in DC. l.c. 359. E. macrocephala, Bertolon. Miscell. xxiii. 15* 
