644 CXLIV. CONIFERE. (J. D. Hooker.) 
branous sheaths. Flowers moneecious or diœcious; males in deciduous 
catkins, females solitary or in cones. Perianth 0. Male fl. of many 1- or 
more-celled anthers, seated on the scales of the catkin, sessile or filaments 
connate. Fem. fl. of one or more sessile naked orthotropous or anatropous 
ovules, seated on a scale (an open carpellary leaf), which is free, or adnate 
to the scale (bract) of a cone. Seeds often winged, testa thick or thin, 
albumen densely fleshy ; embryo axile, straight, cotyledons 2 or more, 
radicle terete often attached to a crumpled thread (suspensor).— DISTRIB. 
Genera 33, species about 300, chiefly in cold regions, very rare in Trop. 
Africa and America; absent in the Western Peninsula and Plains of India 
and in Ceylon. 
Thuja orientalis, L. (Wall. Cat. 6047) is commonly cultivated in India. . 
It is unnecessary in this Order to cite under each species all the (chiefly) mE 
cultural works in which the Indian Conifers are enumerated or described, and whic 
add nothing to what is known of them beyond what the cited authorities give. 
A. Ovules erect. 
Tribe I. Cupressineze. Scales of the fem. cone opposite, 1n several 
series, Ovules usually 2 or more on each scale. Leaves very short or 
subulate. 
Scales of cone woody; testa winged . . . . . . . . . 1. CuPRESSUS. 
Scales of cone cohering into a globose berry-like fruit, enclos- 
ing the seeds ; testa hard, not winged . e. . 2, JUNIPERUS. 
à Tribe II. 'Paxodiese. Scales of fem. cone spirally crowded. Ovules 
á or more on each scale. Leaves scattered or distichous. 
Leaves linear, distichous ; seed large, drupe-like . 3. CEPHALOTAXUS. 
. . . g 
Tribe IIT. Taxeæ. Scales of fem. cone or spike few, imbricate, all or 
the upper only ovuliferous. Ovule solitary on each scale, erect. Leaves 
scattered or bifarious. 
Fem. cone minute, 1.fld.; seed seated in a symmetric fleshy 
_ Cup; anthers connate in a whorl. . . . . 4. TAXUS. 
Fem. spike 1—6-fld. ; seed seat 
ed in a very obli ue fleshy pe- 
duncle ; anthers free . , 1 ` . 
LI ° . . . . . LI . 
5. DacRYDIUM. 
B. Ovules reversed. 
Tribe IV. Podocarpez. Scales of fem. cone very few, spirally 
crowded, often fleshy. Ovule 1 under each scale. 
Need on a fleshy stipes . 6. PopocaRPvs. 
. . i 
. Tribe V. Araucariez. Scales of fem. cone many, spirally arrange 
in several series, bract and ovuliferous scale confluent as one scale. 
Anther-cells 5 or more; ovules 1, rarely 2; seeds winged . . 7. AGATHIS. 
_ Tribe VI. Abietinege. Scales of fem. cone many, spirally arranged 
1n several series ; scale distinct from the bract beneath it. 
Leaves persistent, in bundles of 2,3, or 5, narrowly linear; scales 
of cone persistent. . 2... . . . 1. . . . . 8 PINUS 
Leaves persistent, in bundles of many, acicular ; scales of erect 
cone deciduous. . . . 9. CEDRUS. 
Leaves scattered, not distichous, usually subulate, jointed on 
the branches ; scales of reflexed cones persistent . 10, PICEA. 
