624 OLXXII. CYPERACER. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Mariscus. 
Veget. Andamans, 54; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 340.—Cyperus, Wall. Cat. 
3309 (mainly).—Rheede Hort. Mal. xii. 103, t. 55. 
From BENGAL to CEYLON and SiNGAPORE.—DISTRIB. Trop. Afric, Malaya, 
Austral., Polynes.—mostly near the sea. . f 
Stems 1-3 feet. Leaves often nearly as long as stem, 3 in. broad, Rays o 
umbel often 4 in. Spikes cylindric or ovoid, cinnamomeous-red or brown or straw- 
colour, 
Sect. 4 Flabelliformes. Spikelets subulate, bearing 4-14 nuts. 
12. M. microcephalus, Presl. Rel. Haenk. i. 182; large, leaves 
and bracts spongy, umbel compound or decompound, spikes stellately 
globose brown, spikelets straight, glumes obtuse rather remote, nut nar 
rowly obovoid top conie almost beaked. M. dilutus, Mees m Wight Cow 
trib. 90. M. giganteus, Boeck. in Flora, xli. 443. Cyperus compactus, 
Retz Obs. v. 10, fide Kunth. C. dilutus, Vahl Enum. ii.357 ; Kunth Enum. 
11.92; Thw. Enum. 344; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 354; Kurz Rep. Anda- 
mans, 54, and in Journ. As. Soc. xlv. (part 2) 158; C. B. Clarke in Tun 
Linn, Soc. xxi. 198. C. spinulosus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 203.—Maniscus, Wall. 
Cat. 3430, 3439, ` 
Throughout INDIA, alt. 0-3000 ft. ; from MussooREE and AssaM to CEYLON 
and PENANG.— DISTRIB. Mauritius, China, Malaya. hin 
Glabrous. Rhizome short. Stems 1-3 ft. Leaves nearly as long as stem, mé 
broad. Umbel often 8-12 in. in diam. ; spikes of 20—40 spikelets. Spikelets p vj 
times $ by de in, bearing 14 nuts, often much shorter bearing 4-8 nuls. aline 
bearing glumes boat-shaped with 9 faint nerves. Wings of rbachilla oblong, bY! 
persistent. 
Subg. III. TonuLINIUM (Gen. Desv.) Spikelets bearing "€ 
nuts ; rhacheola finally breaking up into joints each containing ] nut. 
13. M. ferax, C. B. Clarke; large or middle-sized, umbel d ech | 
large compound, spikelets numerous spicate linear bearing dei b the 
oblong black nuts, which fall off in the joints of rhacheola held, d al 
persistent wings. Cyperus ferax, L. C. Rich. in Act. Soc. Hit. & . 
arıs, i. 106; Kunth Enum. ii. 89; Boeck in Linnea, xxxvi. 39 91 OG 
Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xx. 995 (excl. syn. C. lutens), and xxi. y, (not 
odoratus, Forst. Prod. Ins. Austral. 6; Boeck. in Linnea, XXXVI. Pore 
of Linn.). C. ferox, Vahl Enum. ii. 357. C. pennatus, Herb. vir" Brat. 
Boeck. l c. 404 (not of Lam.). Diclidium ferox, Schrad. in Mart. £^. 
u., pars 1, 54, Griffith 
BENGAL; Furidpore, C. B. Clarke. Prev, Kurz, n. 2686. Rest) 
(Kew Distrib. nn. 6143, 6198).—DrsrRIB. All warm regions. , nearly 
Glabrous. Stolons 0; rhizome hardly any. Stems often 12-20 in., leaves y 
as long, A in. broad; but small examples. occur. Umbel very varia jcuous, 
24 in. in diam.; bracteoles (bracts to the secondary umbels) usually cousp ikes 
leaf-like, but sometimes (as in type of L. C. Richard) very small. 
3 1n. carrying about 20 spikelets which ultimately spread at right angles. 
commonly A3 by Jy in, bearing 6-10 nuts, yellow or brown. Glume ae 
elliptie, hardly keeled, about 7-nerved ; rhachilla (especially in fruit) usually ing the 
wings short, elliptic, ultimately becoming firmer, yellowish-brown, en th of nub 
nut. Nut oblong or ellipsoid, overtopping the wings; style hardly 4 leng 
slender ; branches linear.—This abundant American species has, after seve ames 
fally-distinct forms have been split off as species, been described under 53 » 
