| 
Scirpus, | CLXXIL CYPERACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 659 
722; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 288. S. corymbosus, Forsk. Fl. Ægypt. 
Arab. l4 (not of Heyne). S. tridentatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 925.—Fimbri- 
stylis, Wall. Cat. 3504, 3505. 
From KASHMIR, Jacquemont, KASHGAR, alt. 10,000 ft., Scully, and MORADABAD, 
T. Thomson, to MALABAR, Law, and MYSORE, Heyne.—DisTRIB. Old World, with 
vars. in Australia and America. 
Rhizome creeping, woody, divided, nodes dilating into tubers. Stems 14-6 ft., 
often covered some way up by sheaths. Leaves grass-like, harsh, often as long as 
stems. Umbel very variable in development, branches corymbose or subumbellate ; 
spikelets 3-8 or solitary on each ray; or umbel rarely reduced to a head of 3-1 
spikelets. Lowest bract often 4-10 in., sometimes much shorter. Spikelets large, 
commonly 2 in. in diam. Glumes erect, fine brown or chestnut-colrd. (but see var.) ; 
margins often subfimbriate. Bristles usually somewhat shorter than the nut, rigid, 
often unequal. Stamens 3; anthers red-crested. Style long. Nut very variable 
size and shape at top; in the Indian form hardly more than 4 length of glume. 
Var. affinis (sp.), Roth. Nov. Pl. Sp. 30; spikelets capitate usually 3-1, large 
ovoid lanceolate, glumes straw-colrd. sparingly hairy, bristles 4 as long as nut, style 
2-fid, nut small. Nees in Wight Contrib. 111. S. strobilinus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 
219. S, maritimus, var. (sp. ?), Mazim. Prim. Fl. Amur, 299. S. macrostachys, 
Boeck. Cyp. Nov.i.19. S. Balna, Ham. ; Wall. Cat. 3463.—Throughout N. India, in 
the plains ; from the Punjab, Thomson, and Bombay to Assam and Pegu.—N. Asia, 
Turkestan, N. China, Amurland.—Appears distinct from the typical S. maritimus 
by its few pale large spikelets and 2-fid style, but the American and Australiau 
Varieties connect it. The extreme state of affinis is the Burmese form, in which the 
stem is terminated by one very large spikelet 13 by 3 in. 
16. S. littoralis, Schrad. Fl. Germ. i. 142, t. 5, fig. 7; stems stout 
trigonous upwards, leaves short or 0, umbel lateral, spikelets mostly solitary, 
nistles 7-2 plumose brown, style 2-fid, nut obovoid smooth chestnut or 
black, Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. vii. 42, t. 309. S. subulatus, Vahl Enum. ii. 
288; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 306; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 288; Boeck. in 
Linnea, xxxvi, 715. S. fimbrisetus, Delile Descr. Egypt. 11, t. 7, fig. 1. 
8. plumosus, Br. Prodr. 223. S. pectinatus, Roxb. FI. Ind. i 218; Thw. 
Enum, 351. S. triqueter, Gren. & Godr. Fl. Franc. ii. 373; Boeck. l. e. 
716 (not of Linn.)  Malacochste littoralis, Nees in Linnea, ix. 292. 
M. pectinata, Nees in Wight Contrib. 110.—Fimbristylis, Wall. Cat. 
3306 C (partly). 
From KASHMIR, alt. 3500 ft., and BENGAL to CEYLON.—DISTRIB. Europe, Africa, 
: Asia, Australia. . 
labrous, except margins of glumes. Rhizome hardly any; sometimes slender 
stolons are present. Stems 14-23 ft., terete at base. Leaves 1-2 in. long, mem- 
"nous ; or sometimes 4 in. long, green. Umbel compound or decompound, often 
m. diam.; branches suberect. Lowest bract 1-3 in. (sometimes 6 in.), erect. 
Sp ikelets up to 2 by +} in., subcylindric. Glwmes ovate, obtuse, notched at top, 
mucronate in notch by excurrent green keel, rusty or brown, ultimately almost 
tious. Bristles (or scales) ligulate (sometimes broad), plumose by spreading 
pnoliform hairs, in the Indian plant often 4, somewhat longer than nut. Stamens 
r2; anthers red.crested. Nut 4 glume, compressed.— Easily recognized among 
3 
the Indian Scirpi by the plumose bristles. 
17. S. grossus, Linn. f. Suppl. 104; very large, leaves only near 
base of stem long, corymb ge compound depressed divaricate, spikelets 
Wei many solitary, glumes ovate not notched, bristles 6 simply scabrous 
(see algo var. 8) sometimes small or 0, style 3-fid, nut trigonous obovoid 
goth ashy-grey or black. Rob. Fl. Ind. i. 231; Thw. Enum. 351; Dalz. 
Gibs, Bomb. Fl. 288; Boeck. in Linnea, xxxvi. 723. 8. maximus, Roxb. 
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