14 CLXXiii. GRAMiNEiE. (J. D. Hookcr.) [Paspalum. 



australis, Willd. fx Trxn, in Mem, Acad, Petersh. Ser. vi. iii. (1835), II. 201. 



D. ciliaris, Pera, Syn, i. 85 ; Udeh. Fl. Boss. iv. 468 ; T. Nees Gen, FL Germ. 



Jlfonoc. n.l6; Reichh, Ic. FL Germ. i. t. 27 ; Mig, FL Ind. Bat lu. 436; 



Ledeh. PI. Ross. iv. 4'i8. D. commutata, Srhult. Mant. ii. 262. D. didac- 



tyla, Willd. I.e. 91, D. distachya, Bojer Hort. MauriL 363; LamJc. 



lllustr. t. 43, f. 2. D. eriantha, Steud. in Florae xii. (1829), 468. D. 



eriogona Liny{; Enum. Hort. BeroL i, 227, in Flora, Lc, D. horizontalis, 



Willd. L c. 92. D. linearis, Pers. L c. D. marginata, Link. L c. 102. D. 



npfvosa, Boem, Sf Sch. Syst, ii. 473. D. nodosa, Webh Sf Berth. Phyt 



Canav. iii. III. 384, t. 246. D. pruriens, Biise in PL Jungh. 379 ; Miq. L c. 



436. D. radicosa, Miq. I.e. 437. D. repens, Willd, €X Kunth L c. 81. D. 



Rottleri, Roem. & Sch. L c, 471. D. sanguinea, Scop. FL CarnioL 



72; Weber in Willd., Prim. FL Holsat. 6. D. sangninalis, Scop. I. c. 



ed, 2, i. 52 ; ReicJib. L c. t. 87 ; PavlaL FL Ital. i. 125 {v:ith full citations). 



D sanguinoleata, Edgew. ex Aitch. Cat. Panjdb. PL 161. D. setigern, 

 Roth ex Roem. & Srh. I.e. 474. Dactyloa sangainale, Vill. Delph. ii. 69. 

 Phalaris velutina, Forsk. Fl. ^g. Arab. 17. Syntherisma vulgare, Sckrad. 

 FL Germ. i. 161. S. ciliare^Schrad, L c. t. 3, f. 7. ? Axoaopus corymbosus, 

 Schult. Mant ii. 77. 



Throughout India, in dry and moist situations, ascending the Himalaya to 

 6-00 ft. (cult, iu the Kbaaiii Hills). — DiSTRiB, all warm countries. 



Annual or perennial. Stem 2 in. to 3 ft., erect or ascending from a creeping, 

 branching base. Leaves very variable, 1-12 by ^-^ in. ; sheaths rarely liairy, except 

 at or near the mouth. Spikes 1-3 in., rarely more, usually strict ; rachis 

 trigonous or flattened, stout or slender, or winged, wings green, rarely more than 

 twice the breadth of the midrib, margins smoother ciliolate. iSpifceiets geminate, 

 loosely or closely imbricate*, rarely scattered ; gls. often silkily hairy along the margins 

 and nervea. The buirs in tlie upper gpikelet of var. ciliare sometimes abuoimally 

 developed into a long beard or brush of curved cilia ; there is every gradation between 

 the most densely bearded and almost glabrous spikelets (see also P. heteran' 

 thum) ; gl. I (at the back of the flg. gl.) variously developed from an obscure tuft of 

 Lairs to nearly as long but not quite so broad as III, 3-5-nerved, usually silky ; 

 II 5-nerved, lateral nerves marginal, rarely all close together, and with the 

 inlerspaces tluclieued. when the gl. appears many-nerved ; III. lanceolate or oblong- 

 lanceolate, smooth. — The above definition embraces a wide range of forms, which I 

 believe are all referable to P. san^uinale. The species is one of the very commonest 

 pliuits in India, and in all warm countries. A form (var. commutatum) is cul- 

 tivated in tae Khasia Hills, of which fact I find no notice in any work on 

 Indian food grains. The following attempt to classify the Indian forms is founded 

 on a close study of an enormous collection of specimens from all parts of India, 

 amongst which those of Mr. C. B. Cliirke are especially noteworthy. As to llio 

 result, I :»m sati>fied that no two botanists working independently over the same 

 materials would arrive at the same, or agree in any other; and that the results of 

 working over a large collection from any other country would again be different. I 

 have made no attempt to deal with the American forms, at which I have only 

 glanced ; they suggest no modification of my arrangement of the Indian. 



Var. 1. cruciaium ; spikes several 2-3 in. usually horizontal, rnchis slender 

 trigonous narrowly or rather broadly winged, spikelets ovate- oblong acute or cus- 

 pidately acuminate rather loosely imbricate quite or nearly glabrous purple or 

 green, gl. II half as long as III ovate-oblong obtuse 3-nerved, III ovoid or 

 obovoid rather turgid cuspidately acuminate. Panicum cruciatum, Nees tu Sfeud. 

 St/n. Gram. 39. P. sanguiuale. Wall. Cat. n. 8681. A'.P.— Panicmn, Wall. 

 Cat. n.8728. Digitaria cruciata, Nees em Herb. Strach. v. Winterh. No. 3. — Himalaytia 

 regior, alt. 5-8500 ft., from Iskardo and Kashmir to Sikkim and the Munnipore 





