82 CLXxiii. GRAMiNE^. (J. D. Hooker.) [^Setaria, 



S. liUXTTKiANS, Willd. Serb, ex S'preng. St/st, i. 305; Kunth Enum, i. 156 = 

 Panicum Willdenowii, Steud, nom. Ed, II. ii, 265, Syn. Oram, 54. 



S. ASPEBA, Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat iii. 469. 



14. PENNXSBTUM, Pers. 



Annual or perennial grasses. Infl, of involucellate spikelets articulate 

 (in Indian species) on the rachis of a simjtle spike ; involucels of unequal 

 ecabrid or plumose filiform simple or branched bristles. Sj>ikelets 1-3 in 

 each involncel, sessile or very shortly pedicelled, inarticulate at the base 

 and persistent, 1-2-fld., ovoid, glabrous or sparsely hairy. Glumes 3-4, 

 I-III hyaline; I smallest or 0, II and III 5-nerved, subequal or II shortest, 

 rarely absent ; III paleate or not, male or neuter ; IV coriaceous, bisexual 

 or fern., articulate at the base and deciduous. Stamens 3, anthers long. 

 Styles long, free or connate below. Grain free within the gl., oblongi 

 orbicular or pyriform. — Species probably 30-40 of all warm countries. 



The synonomy of the species is almost inextricable, and aa here given for the 

 Indian species is open to correction in some cases. Dr. Stapf has kindly revised 

 them with me. 



Sect. I. Penicillakia. Anther-cells with bearded tips. Styles con- 

 nate. 



P. Typhoid EUK, Rich, in Pers. Syn. i. 72; Bel. FL JEgypt. I7t 

 t. 8, f . 3 ; Trm. Diss, ii. 71 (typhoides) ; Boiss. Fl Orient, v. 447 ; Trim, 

 Cat. Ceyh PL 106; Duihie Grass, N.W. Ind. 11, Field & Gard. Crops/ifi, 

 t. 71, Fodd. Grass. N. Ind, 18; Lishoa^ in Journ. Bomb. Nat, Hist. SoC^- 

 (1891) 339. P. alopecuroides, Spreng. Syst. i. 303 {in part). P. cereale, 

 Trin. in Mem. Acad. Fetersb. Ser. vl iii. II (1835) 185. P. cylindricum; 

 Sic. ex Trin. Diss. ii. 70. P. giganteum, Tenore ex Stend. Nom. Ed. IL ij- 

 297. P. Linnaei, Kunth Revia. Cham. i. 49. P. megastachyum, Stend- 

 Syn. Gram, 108. P. spicatum, Foem. & Sch. Syst. ii. 499, P. violaceuip, 

 Fich. in Pers, Syn, i. 72. Penicillaria alopecuroides. Sweet Hort. Br]^' 

 Ed, I. 440 ; A, Braun Ind. Sem. Hort. BeroL (1855), App. 25. PeniC- 

 ciliata, Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 1037. Penic. chinensis, Nees ex A. Sr- 

 I. c. 26. Penic. cylindrica, Roem, & Sch. I. c. 498 {non Nees). Penic. fallal* 

 Fig, Sr Not. in Mem. Acad. Tor. II, xii. (18i^2) 371. Penic. involncrata, 

 SchulL ManL ii. 283 ; SchlechL in Linnsea, xxv. (1852), 565. Penic. rng^' 

 tarum & Sieberinna, Schlecht. I, c, 561, 565. Penic. Plukeneti, Link Enum^ 

 Hort, Berol, i. 221 ; Nces Ft. Afr. Anstr. 72. Penic. Roxburghii, J. Sr.» 

 Bouchc Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol I.e. 26. Penic. typhoidea & Raddiana, Ef 

 & Not. I, c. 371,373. Penic. HoWtariB., Stokes Bot Mat. Med. i. 129. Pentc 

 spicacta, Willd. Lc; Beauv.Agro8f.58,t,13J.i', Wall Cat. n.86U; Anders^ 

 in TFa//?. ^mi. vi. 966 ; Kunth Enum. PL i. 165, SuppL 120, t. 11, f-^* 

 Jacq. Eclog, Gram. 1. 17 ; Aitchis. Cat. Panjab. PI 163. Panicum spicatum* 

 Boxb. Fl Ind. i. 283. Pan. americanum, Linn, Sp. PL 66. C^^^J 

 alopecuroides, Thunb. Prodr. Fl Cap, 24. C paniceus, Heyne ex "^, 

 Gat. n. 8650. C. spicatus, Cav, Descr. 304, 614. Holcus paniciformis, Roi^' 

 Jc. tn^fZ. n. 896. H. racemosug, Forsk. Fl ^. Arab. 175. H. spicata^ 

 Linn, Syst. Ed. x, 1305 ; Grah. Cat. Bomb. PL 238 ; Dalz. & Gibs. BomO^ 

 FLSuppl99. Alopecurus indicns, Linn. Syst. Ed Murray 92 (excL Sir 

 Pluk.). A typhoides, Burm. /. FL Ind. 27.— Penicillaria, Wall Cat ^ 

 8644, 8650, 



Throughout the hotter parts of India, cultivated or an escape; also all Africa*^ 

 S- Europe. 



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