xii CONSPECTUS OF THE ORDERS 
base. Carpels solitary, or many, free or connate; styles as many as the carpels, free. 
Shrubs or herbs, rarely trees. Leaves alternate; stipules none or small. 
CIX. PotyGonace®. Perianth herbaceous or membranous, sometimes coloured 
4—6-merous, rarely adherent to the base of the ovary. Stamens perigynous, usually 
6-9 (in Symmeria 20-30); filaments free or connate at the base. Ovary 1-celled, 
l-ovuled ; styles or style-arms 2-3. Seeds with superior radicle. Herbs or shrubs. 
Leaves alternate, dilated at the base into a membranous sheath; stipules usually 
ochreate. 
Series II.—Multiovulatze Aquaticze. Submerged herbs. Ovary syn- 
carpous, 1-3-celled, superior ; ovules numerous in each cell or on each placenta. 
CX. PoposteMacEx. Herbs of various habit, often resembling mosses, foliaceous 
or frondose hepatice and alge. Perianth minute or absent. Stamens 1 to many. 
Ovary with 2-3 cells or placentas. Seeds exalbuminous. 
Series III. 
Multiovulate Terrestres. Terrestrial herbs or shrubs. 
Ovary syncarpous, inferior ; ovules numerous in each cell or on each placenta. 
CXI. Cyrrnace®. Fleshy root- or branch-parasites, leafless or with the leaves 
reduced to scales. Seed albuminous; embryo small. 
CXII. ARISTOLOCHIACE®. Erect or climbing leafy herbs or shrubs. Seed with 
fleshy albumen; embryo small. 
Series IV.—Micrembryee. Ovary syncarpous, monocarpous or apocarpous ; 
ovules solitary (rarely 2 or few) in each carpel. Seed with copious fleshy or floury 
albumen; embryo minute or small. 
CXIII. Preeracez. Stamens 2-6, free. Ovary syncarpous, l-celled and 
l-ovuled in the Tropical African genera. Herbs or shrubs, erect or climbing. 
Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or verticillate. Flowers minute, spicate. 
‘XIV. MyRIsTICACE®. Stamens 2-30, monadelphous. 
1, subbasal. Radicle inferior, Trees. 
Flowers smull, variously arranged. 
Carpel solitary; ovule 
Leaves alternate, often with pellucid dots. 
CXV. MonIMiacex., Stamens numerous; anthers frequently subsessile. Carpels 
many, distinct, or in Xymalos and Plagiostyles solitary; ovule erect or pendulous. 
Radicle inferior or superior. Trees or shrubs. 
Leaves opposite or alternate. 
Flowers in axillary fascicles, cymes or racemes. 
Series V.—Daphnales. Carpel solitary, very rarely several united ; ovules 
solitary or 2 collateral, very rarely in superposed pairs, Perianth usually calycine, 
sometimes coloured ; lobes 1-2-seriate. Stamens as many or twice as many as the 
perianth-lobes, or in Hernandiacee fewer, Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs. 
