CXXIT, EUPHORBIACE.E (BROWN, HUTCHINSON AND PRAIN). 441 
Orper CXXIT. EHUPHORBIACEA. (By N, i. Brown, 
J. Wutchinson and J). Prain.) 
Flowers monecious or dicecious, usually regular, Perianth 
occasionally absent in one or both sexes, usually small, often 
dissimilar in the two sexes, simple, valvate or imbricate, calycine, 
rarely petaloid, or double, both outer and inner calycine and imbricate, 
or the inner petaloid, imbricate, rarely subvalvate, longer or shorter 
than the outer. Male: stamens definite or indefinite (1-1000); 
filaments free or connate ; anthers 2- (rarely 3~4-) celled; cells usually 
parallel, adnate to the connective throughout or free except at base 
or apex and erect, divaricate or suspended, rarely superposed ; 
dehiscence usually longitudinal, rarely porous. Rudimentary ovary 
present or absent. Female: ovary sessile, rarely shortly stipitate, 
usually 3-, frequently 2- or 4-, very rarely 1- or more than 4-celled ; 
styles usually as many as and continuous with the carpels, free or more 
or less connate, erect or spreading, entire or 2-fid or laciniate; inner 
face of styles or style-arms usually stigmatic throughout ; ovules in 
each cell solitary or 2 collateral, pendulous from the inner angle; 
funicle often thickened. Disk annular, entire or lobed, or of free 
contiguous or discrete scales, or none. Fruit usually capsular of 
2-valved cocci separating from a persistent axis, or iIndehiscent and 
drupaceous, 1-3-celled or of a single or 2-38 connate nuts. Seeds 
attached laterally near or above the middle of the cell, with or without 
i caruncle or an arillus; albumen usually copious, fleshy; embryo 
straight, radicle superior, cotyledons broad, flat, rarely thick, fleshy.— 
Herbs, shrubs or trees, often with milky juice. Leaves alternate or 
opposite, simple or rarely compound, sometimes rudimentary ; stipulate 
or exstipulate. Flowers usually small or very small; inflorescence rather 
variable, 
Species about 4000, mostly in the tropics of both hemispheres. 
Excluded genera. 
Briccuetti1a, Pax in Am, Istit. Bot. Roma, vi. 181 = Coceulus Leaba, DC.— 
Menispermacee. 
GILGIA, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 80 = Glossonema Reroili, Franch,— 
Asclepiadacen. 
SCHUBEA, Pax in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 22, isa mixture. The leaves are those of 
Cola pugionifera, K. Schum., and the inflorescence that of Trichoscypha ferruginea, 
tngl. 
Tree I. Buphorbiege. Apparent flower composed of a number of stamens 
(really male flowers, each consisting of a single stamen jointed to a pedicel and 
s00n falling away from it, with or without a minute or rudimentary perianth) mingled 
with bracteoles, with or without one stalked ovary (really a pedicellate female 
flower, with or without a small or rudimentary or very rarely comparatively large 
perianth) in their midst, enclosed in a cup-shaped or 4-angled involucre, the whole 
resembling a small male or hermaphrodite flower, or 4 involucres composed of free 
biacts containing the stamens, supported by an open 4-lobed common iavolucre, 
