XC, CONVOLVULACEH (BAKER AND RENDLE). 63 
development of spurious septa 4-celled, rarely 2- or 4-partite; style 
filiform, simple, or more or less deeply bifid, or styles 2; stigma 
terminal and entire or bilobed, or stigmas 2 (rarely 4), globose, 
ellipsoid, filiform, or flattened and elliptical or linear, rarely peltate and 
irregularly palmatilobed ; ovules 2 in each carpel, rarely solitary, erect, 
anatropous, sessile. Fruit girt, or more or less enveloped, by the per- 
sistent calyx, 1—3-celled, or spuriously 4-celled, generally a capsule 
dehiscing by valves, more rarely transversely or irregularly, sometimes 
indehiscent, with membranous, leathery, woody or fleshy pericarp. 
Seeds 4—1, becoming triquetrous on the inner face by mutual pressure, 
convex on the back, glabrous, or hairy especially on the angles, some- 
times verrucose. Embryo straight; radicle pointing towards the 
hilum; cotyledons foliaceous, generally folded with emarginate or 
broadly bilobed apex; endosperm copious, cartilaginous.—Annual or 
perennial herbs, undershrubs or shrubs, often climbing, sometimes 
glabrous, often more or less hairy. Leafless parasites in Cuscuta. 
Leaves alternate, exstipulate, entire or often palmately divided, more 
rarely pinnate, base often cordate. Flowers generally axillary, solitary 
or cymose, often aggregated into heads, rarely paniculate or approxi- 
mated in a terminal spike. Bracts various, generally small and 
narrow, sometimes larger and more or less foliaceous ; ; rarely persistent 
in the fruit. Flowers minute to large, often very showy. 
Species more than 1000, cosmopolitan, but much more numerous in the 
tropics. 
I. Non-parasitic plants with developed green leaves, 
A, Pollen grains smooth, 
TRIBE [. Dichondreze.—Flowers small, axillary, solitary. Sepals free or 
wnited at the base, silky outside, obsolete in Nephrophyllum. Corolla funnel- 
shaped or broadly campanulate. Stamens and styles included ; filaments short, 
naked. Ovary bifid or 4-lobed, and 4-ovuled, or entire, 1-celled and 2-ovuled. 
Styles 2, gynobasic or terminal. Fruits indehiscent, 1-seeded.—Prostrate or 
creeping herbs with stalked reniform or oblong leaves. 
*Calyx developed. 
Ovary 2-fid : ; : : : : . 1. DicHonpRa. 
Ovary 4-lobed.. : : : : : . 2, FALKIA. 
**Calyx obsolete. : : 2 : : - 8, NEPHROPHYLLUM, 
Trize Il.—Dicranostylez.— Flowers small, axillary, solitary or in few- to 
many-flowered axillary dichasia. Sepals free, sometimes accrescent. Corolla 
JSunnel-shaped to campanulate ; estivation contorto-plicate. Ovary usually 2- 
celled, 4-ovuled. Styles 2 or single and bifid, Fruit a capsule with generally 
valvular dehiscence, 1-4-seeded.—Herbs or shrubs; stems prostrate erect or 
climbing. 
*Sepals not accrescent. 
Styles 2, forked : : : ‘ 5 . 4 EvOLvuLus, 
Styles not forked. 
Stamens and style exserted =. , : . 1%. CRESSA. 
Stamens and style not exserted. 
Small shrubs with prostrate or suberect 
branches . . 
Shrubby climbers 
**Sepals accrescent (plants dicecious). 
8. SEDDERA. 
9. BONAMIA. 
