470 XCIV. LENTIBULARIE (STAPF). | Utricularia, 
hibernacles) and the epiphytic sometimes from tubers. Terrestrial and 
epiphytic species: Primary axis developed, terminating with an inflores- 
cence, producing at the base above the small primary leaves a rosette 
of foliage-leaves (rarely a solitary foliage-leaf) and non-axillary stolons, 
leaves and stolons showing no definite seqyuence and passing sometimes 
into each other. Stolons growing with inrolled or straight tips, either 
developed as rhizoids (growing downwards into the substratum and 
resembling roots) or creeping on or close to the surface of the substratum, 
often among moss and dwarf herbage, more or less branching and pro- 
ducing bladders, foliage-leaves and, from certain of their axils, flowering 
or barren (and then much stunted) shoots with a more or less developed 
basal tuft or rosette of leaves and stolons. Leaves petioled, normally 
always entire, linear to orbicular or reniform, rarely peitate, often 
decayed at the time of flowering, frequently producing bladders, stolons 
or adventitious shoots. Agwatic species: Primary axis arrested (accord- 
ing to Goebel), producing above or among the primary leaves one or 
several stolons. Stolons floating in still water or creeping on mud, 
rarely attached to stones and rocks in running water, often very long, 
growing with inrolled tips, branching; branches either all alike and 
resembling the primary stolons, producing from the flanks alternate or 
occasionally subopposite leaves and axillary or juxta-axillary inflores- 
cences or branches heteromorphic, some of them growing downwards 
and producing only much reduced leaves and bladders. Leaves more or 
less divided into filiform or capillary segments; primary segments of the 
large-leaved species often imitating a whorl or half-whorl of pinnate 
leaves (rays), pinne more or less 2-seriate on the sometimes broadened 
midrib, usually forked at the base, each division again divided, 1-2 outer 
rays sometimes replaced by a hyaline cordate or reniform or more or 
less divided auricle, resembling a stipule ; all or certain leaves or the 
leaves of certain branches producing bladders, usually in the place of 
leaf-segments. Bladders globose to ovoid, stalked, with an oblique sub- 
terminal or subbasal mouth, closed by a membranous flexible valve and 
a turned-in thickening (chin) of the lower rim, sometimes produced into 
an upper or an upper and lower lip, ciliate, fimbriate or furnished with 
stouter, variously shaped processes (tentacles). Inflorescences racemose, 
bracteate, peduncled, those of certain aquatic species held above water 
by a whorl of modified spongy leaves (floats); lower bracts often barren, 
adpressed ; bracteoles 2, at the base of the pedicel, or 0. 
Over 100 species, mainly in the tropics of both hemispheres. 
The morphology of the vegetative parts of Utricularia is extremely complicated 
on account of the great plasticity of the organs and their readiness for sprouting. A 
very valuable account of those conditions was given by Dr. Goebel in Flora, 1859, 
291-297, and 1904, 98-126, in his “Morphologische und biologische Studien,” 
No. V. (in Ann, Jard. Bot. Buitenz. ix. 41) and in his “ Organographie der 
Ptanzen,” 444, but these publications concern mostly non-African species. The 
specimens at my disposal consisted of herbarium material and naturally left much to 
be desired. In fact, a really satisfactory classification of this genus will only be 
possible, when living or carefully collected und preserved spirit material is at 
hand. 
