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1. HELIANTHEMUM Tourn. (ROCK-ROSE.) 
Low branching herbs or somewhat woody, with yellow often showy 
flowers (opening only once, in sunshine), fugacious petals, 3-lobed 
stigma, and a strictly 1-celled capsule.—Flowers mostly of two kinds, 
viz, earlier ones with large petals and many-seeded pods, and later 
ones with small petals (or none) and much smaller few-seeded pods. 
1. H. Carolinianum Michx. Nearly herbaceous, 12.5 to 30 em. high, hirsute : 
leaves oblong or oval, slightly denticulate, the lower ones crowded and obovate: 
flowers on long solitary peduncles, axillary and terminal: sepals villous-hirsute, the 
outer ones linear and shorter, the inner ovate-lanceolate, acuminate and much 
longer than the pod.—In dry soils, western Texas. 
2. H. capitatum Nutt. Stem 2 to 3 dm. high, minutely canescent: leaves linear 
or linear-oblong, tomentose-canescent beneath (as are also sepals and peduncles): 
petaliferous flowers small, terminating the slender stem and numerous short branches; 
secondary flowers very small, clustered at first in lateral glomerate nearly sessile 
clusters.—In eastern Texas and extending within our range. 
H. CANADENSE Mx., the ‘common ‘‘frost-weed ” of the Atlantic States, occurs in 
eastern Texas and may be found within our eastern limit. It much resembles H. 
capitatum, but the petaliferous flowers are much larger and the whole plant more 
hoary. 
2. LECHEA Kalm. (PINWEED.) 
Perennial herbs, with very small greenish or purplish flowers, 5 un- 
equal sepals (2 small and bract-like, 3 concave or boat-sbaped), 3 with- 
ering-persistent petals, 3 plumose stigmas, and a globular partly 3- 
celled few-seeded pod. 
1. L. Drummondii Torr. & Gray. Decumbent and much branched at base, slightly 
pubescent: leaves linear-subulate, scattered: racemes filiform, terminating the numer- 
ous branches: flowers unilateral, on capillary spreading and at length reflexed pedi- 
cels.—Dry places, reported as yet only as far west as Gillespie County. 
VIOLARIEH. (VIOLET FAMILY.) 
Herbs, with (mostly) alternate stipulate leaves, 5 persistent sepals, a 
somewhat irregular 1-spurred corolla of 5 petals, 5 stamens conniv- 
ing over the pistil, usually club-shaped style with stigma turned to one 
side, and a 1-celled 3-valved many-seeded pod. 
1. Viola. Sepals auricled: lower petals spurred: stamens distinct, the 2 lower 
spurred. 
2, Ionidium. Sepals not auricled: petals very unequal: filaments distinct, the 
anthers connivent. 
1. VIOLA Tourn. (VIOLET. HEART’S-EASE.) 
Mostly perennials, with alternate leaves, foliaceous persistent sti- 
pules, 1-flowered axillary peduncles, auricled sepals, and a spurred 
lower petal containing spurs from the two lower stamens.—Besides the 
conspicuous flowers, later and much smaller ones are usually produced 
usually concealed under the leaves, which never open or develop 
petals, but are very fertile (cleistogamous flowers). Very few violets 
