25 
occur in Texas, and those included here are probably (with one excep- 
tion) only to be found in that part of Texas east of our range. 
* Stipules never leaf-like, the lower more or less scarious. 
+ Stemless, the leaves and scapes directly from a rootstock or JSrom runners. 
1. V. palmata L., var. CUCULLATA Gray. (COMMON BLUE VIOLET.) Rootstock 
fleshy and thickened: glabrous to villous- pubescent: leaves roundish-cordate or reni- 
form, crenate, the sides rolled inward when young: flowers variable in size and color, 
from deep violet-blue or purple to white: lateral petals bearded. (V. cucullata Ait. )— 
In low ground, common almost every where, and reported within our Tange as far west 
as Gillespie County. 
2. V. lanceolata L. Rootstock long and filiform, extensively creeping: smooth; 
leaves lanceolate, erect, blunt, tapering into a long margined petiole, almost entire: 
flowers white: petals beardless.—A common northeastern violet and extending into 
Texas, where its western limit is unknown. 
+ + Leafy-stemmed. 
3. V. canina L., var. MULTICAULIS Gray. Depressed and stoloniferous, mostly gla- 
brous: leaves small, suborbicular to reniform ; stipules lanceolate, fringe-toothed: 
flowers mostly cleistogamous, but when developed the petals are light violet, the 
lateral ones slightly bearded.—A violet of the south Atlantic States and extending 
into Texas, 
* * Stipules large and leaf-like, lyrate-pinnatifid. 
4. V. tricolor L., var. ARVENSIS DC. (PANSY. HEART’s-EASE.) Stem angled and 
branched, leafy throughout: leaves roundish, oval, or heart-shaped, crenate or en- 
tire: petals variable in color or variegated (yellow, white, blue, or purple), shorter 
or little longer than the calyx.—Dry or sandy soil, and apparently indigenous, at 
least in Texas. It is the wild representative of the common garden pansy. 
2. IONIDIUM Vent. 
Branching and leafy perennials, with alternate and opposite leaves, 
small axillary flowers, sepals not auricled at base, very unequal petals 
(the two upper shorter), distinct filaments, and merely connivent 
anthers. 
1. I. polygalefolium Vent. Stems low, from a woody base: leaves linear to ob- 
lanceolate, or the lower obovate, entire, the stipules leaf-like or small or none: flow- 
ers solitary, nodding, 4 mm. long, white. (1. lineare Torr.)—An apparently common 
species throughout Texas, varying greatly in its leaves, stipules, and pubescence, 
and including several forms that were formerly considered distinct species and vari- 
eties. 
BIXINEZ. 
Trees or shrubs, with alternate leaves (palmately lobed in ours), showy 
flowers in terminal panicles, 5 sepals and petals, indefinite unequal 
stamens, anthers opening by chinks’ near the apex, single style, and a 
1 to 3-celled pod. 
1. AMOREUXIA Mog. & Sess. 
Shrubs, with showy yellow flowers in few-flowered panicles, com- 
pletely 3 celled and loculicidal man y-seeded pods, the valves coriaceous 
and separating from the endocarp and scarious partitions, and obovoid — 
seeds with a membranaceous loose fragile outer integument and a bony 
inner one. 
