28 
Rio Grande. “Called ‘chacate’ by the Mexicans, who use an infusion of the bark 
of the root to dye leather brownish-red ” (Havard). 
4. K. seoundiflora DC. A decumbent silky-villous herb only ligneous at base: 
leaves narrowly linear (or the lower cauline ones oblong-lanceolate or obovate-lanceo- 
Jate), about 18 mm. long, those of the branches usually longer: peduncles 2-bracted : 
sepals ovate-lanceolate, nearly equal: fruit armed with stout and straight retrorsely 
scabrous spines. (KX. lanceolata Torr.)—Common in southern and western Texas. 
FRANKENIACEZ. 
Low perennial herbs or undershrubs, with opposite entire leaves, no 
stipules, 4 or 5 sepals and petals, 6 stamens, a 2 to 4-cleft style, and 
oval or oblong seeds with parietal placentation. 
1. FRANEKENIA L. 
Leaves small, mostly crowded and also fascicled in the axils, flowers 
small, solitary and white, calyx tubular or prismatic, petals clawed and 
bearing a crown, style 2 to 4-cleft into filiform divisions, and a 1-celled 
pod included in the persistent calyx. 
1. F. Jamesii Torr. Much branched from a woody base, 15 to 25 cm. high: leaves 
linear, strongly revolute on the margins, the fascicled ones shorter: flowers sessile in 
the forks of the stem or becoming cymose-clustered on the branches: petals erose- 
denticulate at tip.—About the salt lakes of El Paso County. 
CARYOPHYLLEH. (PINK FAMILY.) 
Herbs (sometimes woody at base), with opposite entire leaves, per- 
sistent calyx, 4 or 5 petals (sometimes wanting), usually twice as many 
distinct stamens, 2 to 5 mostly distinct styles, and several to many 
seeds attached to the base or central axis of a 1-celled pod.—F lowers 
terminal or in the forks, or in cymes. 
* Sepals united into a 4 or 5-toothed or lobed calyx: petals with a crown and con- 
spicuous claw: stipules none: styles distinct. 
1. Silene. Styles 3: pod dehiscent at summit by 6 (rarely 3) short teeth. 
** Sepals distinct to the base or nearly so: petals without crown or distinct claw. 
+ Stipules none. 
2. Cerastium. Petals emarginate or bifid: styles 5 (rarely 3 or 4): pod cylindric, 
dehiscent with twice as many equal teeth as styles. 
3. Stellaria. Petals bifid: styles 3 (rarely 2, 4, or 5): pod globose to oblong, with 
as many valves as styles: valves bifid or 2- parted. 
4. Arenaria. Petals entire or wanting: styles 3 (rarely 2, 4, or 5): pod as in the 
last, except that the valves are sometimes entire. 
+ + Stipules scarious or setiform. 
5. Tissa. Petals conspicuous: the distinct styles and valves of the pod 3: stipules 
scarious. 
6. Leeflingia. Petals inconspicuous or minute: styles united below: sepals rigid 
and with a setiform tooth on each side: stipules setiform and rigid, adnate to eath 
margin. 
