107 
cyme: leaves simple, ovate, cut-serrate or lobed, soon glabrous: styles woolly and 
united at base: fruit fleshy, globular, fragrant and greenish, sunk in at the attach- 
ment of the stalk.—A common crab-apple of the Eastern States, extending to the 
northern border of Texas, and reported from Gillespie County. 
13. CRAT4iGUS L. (HAWTHORN. WHITE THORN.) 
Thorny shrubs or small trees, with simple and mostly lobed leaves, 
white corymbed flowers, free stipules, and an urn-shaped calyx-tube 
which becomes fleshy and incloses and coalesces with the pistils in 
fruit, which is drupe-like, containing 1 to 5 bony 1-seeded stones. 
* Fruit small (not larger than peas), bright red: flowers mostly small: styles 5: glabrous 
and glandless. 
1. C. spathulata Michx. Shrub or tree, 3 to 9m. high: leaves thickish, shining, 
deciduous, spatulate or oblanceolate, with a long tapering base, crenate above, rarely 
cut-lobed, nearly sessile.—A species of the Gulf States and extending to the lower 
Colorado in Texas. 
2. C. arborescens Ell. A small tree, 6 to9m. high: leaves thin, oval or elliptical, 
acute at both ends, finely serrate, sometimes obscurely toothed near the apex, on 
slender petioles: corymbs very numerous.—Same range as the last. 
** Fruit large (12 to 25 mm. long), red: flowers large: styles 1 to 3: stipules, calyx-teeth, 
bracts, ete., often beset with glands. 
3. C. coccinea L., var. MOLLIS Torr, & Gray. A small tree, 6 to 9m. high, with 
densely pubescent shoots and stout chestnut-brown spines: leaves large, +lender- 
petioled, cuneate, truncate or cordate at base, usually with acute narrow lobes, 
often subscabrous above, more or less densely pubescent beneath: fruit bright sear- 
let with a light bloom, 2.5 em, broad. (C. tomentosa, var. mollis Gray. C. subvillosa 
Schrad.)—A species of the Eastern States, extending in Texas to the valley of the San 
Antonio and its tributaries. 
4, C. Crus-galli L. (CockspuR THORN.) A small tree 3 to 12 m. high, with 
horizontal branches and slender thorns often 10 cm. long, glabrous: leaves thick, 
dark green, shining above, wedge-obovate and oblanceolate, tapering into a very 
short petiole, serrate above the middle: fruit globular, dull red, 8 mm. in diameter,— 
Extending into Texas to the Colorado and its tributaries, 
SAXIFRAGACEX, (SAXIFRAGE FAMILY). 
Herbs or shrubs, of various aspect, distinguished from HRosacew by 
having opposite as well as alternate leaves, usually no stipules, the 
stamens mostly definite, and the carpels commonly fewer than the 
sepals, either separate or partly so, or all combined into one compound 
pistil. 
TRIBE I. Herbs, with alternate leaves, distinct styles or carpel-tips, and a dry 
capsular fruit.—SAXIFRAGEA. 
1. Heuchera. Flowers paniculate: leaves chiefly radical: calyx bell-shaped, co- 
herent with the ovary below: petals small and entire: stamens 5: ovary 1-celled, 
with 2 parietal placente alternate with the stigmas. 
2. Lepuropetalon. Very small herbs, with solitary flowers: capsule half-superior : 
stamens 5, included: ovary l-celled, with 3 parietal placentz opposite the stigmas. 
TRIBE II. Shrubs, with opposite simple leaves, and a 2 to 5-celled capsular fruit.— 
HYDRANGE. 
