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longer, darker, a single more robust one perpendicular or deflexed, the others diver- 
gent: flowers subcentral, beautifully purple, large, 3.5 to 6.5 em. in diameter: berry 
sublateral, ovate, green.—A species of wide range and exceedingly variable, found 
throughout southern and western Texas, The shape of the heads, number and color 
of the spines, etc., vary so much as to have given rise to descriptions of numerous 
varieties and subvarieties, but they all intergrade completely. “The large, deep 
rose-colored or purple flowers, with fringed sepals and lance-linear acuminate petals, 
green oval berries, with light brown pitted seeds, readily distinguish the species” (Ln- 
gelmann), 
19. M. macromeris Eng. Simple or branching from the base, ovate, 5 to 10 em 
high: tubercles large and spreading, loose, grooved beyond the middle, 12 to 30 mm, 
long: spines slender, elongated, straight ora little curved; radial ones 10 to 17,white, 
12 to 36 mm, long; central ones about 4, longer, often 3.5 to 6 em. long, stouter, sub- 
angular, fuscous or even black: flowers 6.5 to 7.5 cm. in diameter, rose-colored or 
purple: berry subglobose, green.—In the Rio Grande valley from New Mexico to below 
Eagle Pass, 
*** Flowers from the base of a groove on the young or nascent and unarmed tubercles : 
; ovary exsert, 
20. M. fissurata Eng. Simple, depressed-globose or flattish, 5 to 12 em. in diam- 
eter: tubercles entirely unarmed, flattened from the base, thin below, thick and warty 
above, with a deep central woolly groove and smooth lateral ones: flowers central, 
from long sericeous wool, rose-color, about 2.5 em. long and wide: berry ovate, green- 
ish, hidden in dense wool. (Anhalonium fissuratum Eng.)—On rocky highlands from 
the San Pedro and Pecos westward, especially in Presidio County. ‘Napiform cac- 
tus, with flat fissured top, hardly rising above the ground, producing a handsome pin]; 
flower in early summer” (Harvard). Known as “peyote,” and somewhat noted as an 
iutoxicant, being sometimes called “ dry whisky” from the fact that when chewed it 
produces more or less inebriation, 
21. M. Williamsii (Lchinocactus Williamsii Lew. Anhalonium Williamsii Eng), a 
Mexican species, with the flattened tubercles arranged in ribs, 1s reported by Dr, Ha- 
vard to occur along the upper Rio Grande. 
2. ECHINOCACTUS Link & Otto. 
Mostly larger plants, sometimes gigantic, globose or depressed, or 
ovate, or rarely subcylindric, simple or very rarely cespitose, with 
bunches of spines on the more or less vertical ribs, flowers contiguous 
to and above the spines (on the latest growth of the plant, often from 
the nascent woolly areole and therefore more or less vertical), ovary 
covered with sepaloid scales which are naked or woolly in their axils, 
and a succulent (edible) or sometimes dry fruit covered with the per- 
sistent calyx scales, sometimes enveloped in copious wool, and usually 
crowned with the persistent remnants of the flower. 
1. E. Scheerii Salm. Globose or ovate, 3.5 to 5 em. high: ribs 13, obtuse and in- 
terrupted: tubercles grooved above to the middle: radial spines 15 to 18, setaceous, 
6 to 12mm. long; central ones 3 or 4-angled, black and white variegated, 12 to 24 
mm, long, the upper ones straight, longer, divaricate backward, the lower one stouter, 
shorter, and hooked: flowers yellowish-green, about 2.5 cm.long and much less in 
diameter: berry greenish.—About Kagle Pass. 
2. E. brevihamatus Eng. Very similar, but larger, 7.5 to 10 cm. high, with fewer 
spines, the lower central usually hardly longer than the upper radial ones, about 2.5 
em. long, lower radials shorter and upper centrals longer: flowers rose-colored, 24 to 
32 mm. long, much less wide.—From Eagle Pass to the San Pedro, 
23204—vol 2, No. 19 
