144 
“** Weaker, with thin toothed to laciniate leaves (sometimes bristly tipped). 
3. B. virgatum Lam. Erect, 3 to 9 dm. high, branching above: leaves oblong or 
oblong-ovate, often subcordate, on short petioles; lower ones entire or crenately 
toothed ; upper ones becoming sharply serrate or even laciniately toothed: bracts 
linear and entire or with a few bristly teeth, longer than the subglobose heads; 
bractlets equally 3-cuspidate, little longer than the flowers ; calyx-lobes lanceolate 
and acuminate.—In damp pine barrens of the Gulf States, and extending into eastern 
Texas. Var. LupovictanuM Morong has linear-lanceolate or even linear leaves. 
4. EB. nasturtiifolium Joss. Low and rather diffusely branching: leaves sessile, 
from lyrately pinnatifid below to laciniately cleft or toothed above, more or less 
bristle-tipped: heads ovate or oblong (9 to 12 mm. long), with conspicuous rigid 
entire narrowly lanceolate-acuminate spinose-tipped bracts (becoming reflexed) 
equaling or exceeding the heads, and similar bractlets much exceeding the flowers 
and mostly a cluster of terminal ones conspicuously crowning the head.—A Mexican 
species, found by Nealley in Cameron County. , 
**** Simple to diffuse, with coriaceous lobed or parted spinosely-tipped leaves. 
5. B. Hookeri Walp. Stem erect, branching above, 3 to 6 dm. high: radical 
leaves petioled, somewhat dentate; lower stem leaves almost sessile, lanceolate, 
laciniately-toothed and spinulose, with a pair of small laciniate segments at base ; 
upper leaves palmately 5 to 7-parted, with narrow pinnatifid-laciniate spinose- 
tipped segments: heads ovate-oblong (8 to 12 mm. long), with numerous narrowly 
lanceolate spiny-toothed bracts longer than the head, lanceolate entire spiny-tipped 
bractlets (the terminal ones leafy and crowning the head), and ovate spiny-tipped 
calyx-lobes.—Low grounds of central and southern Texas. 
6. E. Leavenworthii Torr. & Gray. Stout, 3 to 9 dm. high, branching above: 
lowest stem-leaves broadly oblanceolate, spinosely-toothed, gradually becoming 
more or less palmately-parted above to the ordinary stem-leaves, which are sessile 
and deeply palmately-parted into narrow incisely-pinnatifid spreading. pungent seg- 
ments: heads pedunculate, ovate-oblong (2.5 to 3.5 em. long), with involucre of 
incisely-pinnatifid spinose bracts about as long as the head, narrow 3 to 7-cuspidate 
bractlets (the terminal ones very prominent, resembling the bracts, and crowning the 
head), and oblong pinnatifid 3 to 5-cuspidate calyx-lobes.—Dry soil, chiefly in cea- 
tral and western Texas. 
7. BE. Wrightii Gray. Glaucous: stein erect, branching, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves 
rigid; radical ones oblanceolate, pectinate-dentate or pinnatifid with triangular 
teeth tipped with long bristles; sterm-leaves sessile, from laciniately-toothed to 
pinnately cut into linear-lanceolate cuspidate divisions: heads ovate to oblong 
(about 12 mm. long), with involucre of numerous linear-lanceolate entire to remotely 
toothed spiny-tipped bracts (whitish within, green without) twice as long as the 
head, subulate rigid spiny-tipped bractlets longer than the flowers (the terminal 
ones very prominent and crowning the head), and short ovate mucronate calyx- 
lobes.— Hills and plains, from eastern Texas to Arizona. 
8. E. diffusum Torr. Stem low and diffusely branching from the base, with thick 
rigid branches: leaves sessile, palmately parted, coriaceous, midrib very prominent 
beneath and margins cartilaginous; segments oblong, incisely serrate and spinose: 
heads subglobose, about 12 mm. long, on very short peduncles in the forks of the 
stem, with involucre of leaf-like bracts longer than the head, lanceolate entire spi- 
nosely-tipped bractlets, and ovate long-pointed calyx lobes.—Sandy ground, eastern 
and central Texas, and extending into Mexico. 
***** Tow, slender, mostly prostrate, with small thin unarmed leaves, and very small heads, 
9, BE. prostratum Nutt. Prostrate, rooting at the joints, diffusely branched: 
lower leaves long-petioled, oblong, entire, few-toothed, or lobed at base; upper 
leaves smaller, clustered at the rooting joints, ovate, few-toothed or entire, with 
some additional trifid ones: heads narrowly oblong (about 6 mm, long), with invo- 
