163 
** * Annuals: fruit more or less hooked hispidulous or hirsute (naked in one var.) 
corolla white or whitish. 
+ Coarse, reclining: leaves in whorls of 6 to 8. 
6. G. Aparine L. (CLEAVERS. Goosr-GRass.) Stems 3 to 12 dm. long, retrorsely 
spiny-hispid on the angles, as also on the margins and midribs of the oblanceolate or 
almost linear cuspidate-acuminate leaves: peduncles rather long, 1 to 3 in upper axils 
or terminal, bearing either solitary or 2 or 3 pedicellate flowers: fruit rather large, 
granulate-tuberculate and the tubercles tipped with bristles.—Shaded ground 
throughout the United States. A Texan and western form is var, VAILLANTII Koch, 
which is smaller and more slender, with leaves seldom 2.5 cm. long, usually more 
numerous flowers, and smaller hirsute or hispidulous fruit. 
++ Small and low, more erect: leaves mostly in whorls of 4. 
++Flowers on solitary naked peduncles. 
7. G. Texense Gray. Hispidulous-hirsute, or glabrous above, weak and slender, 
3dm. or less high: leaves broadly oval, thin, I-nerved, only 6 to 8mm. long, the sides 
and margins equally beset with straight bristly hairs: peduncles terminal and 1-flow- 
ered, the primary ones naked and filiform, 8 to 201mm. long, single axils proliferons 
into a similar shoot which bears an unequally 4-leaved small whorl and a short pe- 
dunele, bristles of fruit much shorter than carpels, barely hooked.—Throughout 
central and southern Texas. 
++++ Flowers and fruit solitary and sessile between a pair of bracteal leaves, which resemble 
the cauline ones: stem and leaves hispidulous, or sometimes nearly glabrous, 
8. G. virgatum Nutt. Simple or with simple and strict branches from the base: 
leaves oblong-linear or oblong, thickish, 4 to 6mm. long, most of the axils floriferous: 
peduncles exceedingly short, reflexed in fruit, not proliferous: carpels copiously 
hooked-hispid, shorter than the erect bracteal leaves, which often appear as if be- 
longing to the whorl itself.—Prairies of eastern and central Texas to Brazos Santiago. 
With the ordinary form occurs var. LEIOCARPUM T. & G., which has smooth and 
glabrous fruit, and herbage usually almost so. 
9. G. proliferum Gray. More branching, less hispidulous or glabrate, weaker: 
leaves thinner,oval or oblong, alternate ones rather smaller: flowers solitary termi- 
nating a pedunculiform axillary branch of twice or thrice the length of the whorled 
leaves, and the fruit barely surpassed by its pair of bracts, or one or even two more 
by prolification from the bracts: fruit as in the preceding.—Stony hills, along the 
Upper Rio Grande. 
VALERIANEZH. (VALERIAN FAMILY.) 
Herbs, with opposite leaves and no stipules, flowers in panicled or 
clustered cymes, coherent calyx-tube, tubular or funnelform often irreg- 
war mostly 5-lobed corolla, 1 to 3 distinct stamens inserted on its 
throat, slender style, 1 to 3 stigmas, ovary with one fertile 1-ovuled cell 
and 2 abortive or empty ones, and an indehiscent 1 or 3-celled fruit. 
1. VALERIANELLA Tourn. (Corn sarap. Lamp LETTUCE.) 
Annuals and biennials, usually smooth, with forking stems, tender and 
rather succulent leaves (from obovate to oblong and spatulate, entire or 
cut-lobed towards the base), white or whitish cymose-clustered and 
bracted small flowers, obsolete calyx-limb (in ours), funnelform rather 
equally 5-lobed corolla, 3 (rarely 2) stamens, and 3-celled fruit (2 of the 
cells empty and sometimes confluent into one, the other 1-seeded),—The 
18430—No, 2——2 
