185 
17. CHRYSOPSIS Nutt (GoLpEN AsTER). 
Chiefly perennial low woolly or hairy herbs, with rather large often 
corymbose radiate many-flowered heads terminating the branches, yel- 
low disk and ray-flowers (the latter numerous and pistillate), linear 
imbricated involucral bracts without herbaceous tips, flat receptacle, 
obovate or linear-oblong flattened hairy achenes, and pappus double in 
all the flowers, the outer of very short and somewhat chaffy br istles, 
the inner of long capillary bristles. 
* Leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear, elongated, nerved; achenes linear. 
1, C. graminifolia Nutt. Silvery-silky, with long close-pressed hairs: stems 
slender, often with runners from the base, naked above, bearing few heads: leaves 
elongated, grass-like, shining, entire.—Dry sandy soil, extending into ‘Texas from 
the Gulf States. 
** Leaves oblong or lanceolate, entire or slightly serrate, mostly sessile, not nerved: 
achenes obovate. 
2. C, villosa Nutt. Hirsute and villous-pubescent: stem corymbosely branched, 
the branches terminated by single short peduncled heads: leaves narrowly oblong, 
hoary with rough pubescence (as also the involuere), bristly-ciliiate towards the 
base.—Prairies and plains of Texas. An excessively variable species with numer- 
ous varieties, the following known to occur in Texas, chiefly in the western part: var. 
HISPIDA Gray is a low hirsute and hispid, not canescent form, with small heads: var. 
STENOPHYLLA Gray is a low and rough-hispid rigid form, with spatulate-linear leaves 
(only 2 to 4 mm. wide), and small heads: var. CANESCENS Gray is wholly canescent 
with short appressed pubescence, and narrow mostly oblanceolate leaves: var. 
FOLIOSA Eaton is canescent with appressed sericeous pubescence (:mostly soft and 
destitute of hispid bristles), but the stem often hirsute or villous, short oblong or 
elliptical leaves, and small rather numerous and clustered flowers. The last variety 
has only been reported from the mountains of extreme western Texas. 
3. C. pilosa Nutt. Annual, soft-hirsute or villous: leaves oblong-lanceolate: in- 
volucre viscid: outer pappus chaffy and conspicuous.—Extending from western 
Arkansas. 
18. XANTHISMA DC. 
A single species near Aplopappus, with showy many-flowered radiate 
heads, all the flowers fertile and yellow, closely imbricated and ap- 
pressed involucral bracts coriaceous below and herbaceous above, 
fimbrillate receptacle, turbinate 4 or 5-angled sericeous-pubescent 
achenes, and pappus of 10 or 12 rigid bristles scabrous above and 
chaffy-dilated below, longer than the disk-corolla, as many more half 
shorter, and usually 5 still smaller exterior ones. 
1. X. Texanum DC. Nearly glabrous, 3 to 12 dm. high, with virgate branches 
terminated mostly by solitary large heads: leaves from narrowly oblong to lanceo- 
late, the lower sometimes laciniate-pinnatifid or even bipinnately parted, to ser- 
rate or denticulate, or even entire above.—Open woods. 
19. BRADBURIA Torr. & Gray. 
An annual branching hispid plant, with about 12 fertile ray-flowers, 
about the same number of infertile disk-flowers, campanulate involucre 
of rather broad and thin scariously margined and mucronate-acuminate 
