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4. S. Lindheimeriana Scheele. Less puberulent: leaves lanceolate or oblong, more 
acute: heads narrower and more densely clustered: achenes glabrous,—On rocky 
bluffs and dried out stream beds, central and southern Texas. 
+++ Heads small or middle-sized (large in no. 6), panicled or somewhat thyrsoidal, not 
in a terminal corymbiform ecyme. 
++ Leaves veiny, not 3-ribbed, but sometimes obscurely triple-nerved. 
= Heads small, in a narrow virgate panicle: involucral bracts thin, acute: leaves nearly 
entire. 
5. S. stricta Ait. Very smooth throughout: stem strict, simple, wand-like, 6 to 12 
dm. high, slender, beset with small and entire appressed lanceolate-oblong thickish 
leaves, gradually reduced upwards to mere bracts; the lowest oblong-spatulate: 
heads crowded in a very narrow compound spicate raceme: rays 5 to 7. (8S. virgata 
Michx.)—A species of the Gulf States, represented along the Texan coast by var. 
ANGUSTIFOLIA Gray, which has narrower (and the lower longer) leaves, and the clus- 
ters of the strict panicle often more racemiform and secund. 
= = Heads middle-sized, in a thyrsoid panicle: involucral bracts rather firm, obtuse: 
leaves entire or little serrate, smooth. 
6. S. speciosa Nutt. Stem stout, 9 to 18 dm., smooth: leaves thickish, smooth 
with rough margins, oval or ovate, slightly serrate, the uppermost oblong-lance- 
olate, the lower contracted into a margined petiole: heads somewhat crowded in 
numerous erect racemes, forming an ample pyramidal or thyrsiform panicle: pedun- 
cles and pedicels rough-hairy: bracts of the cylindrical involucre oblong: rays about 
5, large.—A moist or fertile ground woodland species of the Atlantic States, repre- 
sented on the sandy open and dry ground of Texas by the following varieties: var. 
ANGUSTATA Torr. & Gray, a dwarf form, with the racemes short and clustered, 
forming a dense interrupted or compound spike; and var, RIGIDIUSCULA Torr, & 
Gray, a form of the preceding variety, with more rigid and rougher-edged small 
leaves. 
= = = Heads very small, in slender spreading secund clusters forming a mostly broad 
and short panicle: leaves entire or nearly so. 
7. S.odora Ait. (SWEET GOLPEN-ROD.) Smooth or nearly so throughout: stem 
slender, 6 to 9 dm. high, often reclined: leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, shining, 
pellucid-dotted: racemes spreading in a small one-sided panicle: rays 3 or 4, rather 
large.—Dry or sandy soil, eastern and southern Texas. 
8. S. tortifolia Ell. Stem scabrous-puberulent, 6 to 9 dm. high: leaves linear, 
short, commonly twisted, roughish-puberulent or glabrate: rays very short.—Dry 
sandy soil, extending from the Gulf States into Texas. 
= = = = Heads small or middle-sized, racemosely paniculate: leaves broad or ample, 
veiny, at least the lower serrate: involucral braets obtuse. 
9. S. patula Muhl. Stem strongly angled, smooth, 6 to 12 dm. high: leaves 10 to 
20 cm. long, ovate, acute, serrate, pale, very smooth and veiny underneath, but the 
upper surface very rough, like shagreen: racemes rather short and numerous on the 
spreading branches: heads rather large.—In wet soil extending into Texas from the 
Atlantic States. 
10. S. rugosa Mill. Rough-hairy, especially the very leafy stem, 3 to 18 dm, 
high: leaves ovate-lanceolate, elliptical or oblong, often thickish and very rugose: 
racemes spreading: involueral bracts linear: rays 6 to 9; the disk-flowers 4 to 7. 
(S. altissima Torr. & Gray, not L.)—In moist or dry ground, extending into Texas 
from the Atlantic States. 
11. S. ulmifolia Muhl. Stem smooth, the branches hairy: leaves thin, elliptical- 
ovate or oblong-lanceolate, pointed, tapering to the base, loosely veined, beset with soft 
hairs beneath: racemes panicled, recurved-spreading: involucral bracts lanceolate- 
oblong: rays about 4.—Moist woodlands and copses, extending into Texas from the 
