198 
* * Leaves 1 to 3-pinnately cleft or parted. 
95. A. tanacetifolius HBK. Pubescent, often rather viscid, very leafy, 3 to 6dm. 
high: lowest leaves 2 to 3-pinnately parted ; uppermost simply pinnatifid, or on the 
flowering branchlets entire; lobes short, setulose-mucronate: heads 12 mm. high: 
involucral bracts narrowly linear, with slender spreading foliaceous tips, or the out- 
ermost almost wholly foliaceous: rays numerous, 12 mm, long or more, bright violet: 
achenes villous. (Macharanthera tanacetifolia Nees.)—Moist ground, throughout 
central and western Texas. 
31. ERIGERON L. (FLEABANE.) 
Herbs, with entire or toothed and generally sessile leaves, solitary or 
orymbed naked-pedunculate heads, yellow disk, white or purple very 
numerous and slender pistillate rays, narrow mostly equal and little 
imbricated involucral bracts which are never coriaceous, foliaceous, or 
sveen-tipped, flat or convex naked receptacle, flattened usually pubes- 
cent and 2-nerved achenes, and pappus a single row of capillary 
bristles, with minuter ones intermixed, or with a distinct short outer 
pappus of little bristles of chaffy scales. 
§ 1. Canorus. Rays inconspicuous, in several rows scarcely longer than the simple 
pappus: annuals, 
1. BE. Canadensis L. (HorsE-WEED. BUTTER-WEED.) Bristly-hairy: stem erect 
wand-like, 3 to 15dm. high: leaves linear, mostly entire, the radical cut-lobed: 
heads very numerous and small, cylindrical, panicled: rays white.—A common weed 
everywhere in open or waste grounds. 
9. E. divaricatus Michx. Diffuseand decumbent, 7.5 to 30 cm. high: leaves linear 
or awl-shaped, entire: heads loosely corymbed: rays purple: otherwise like the 
last.—Open grounds and river-banks, extending from the western Mississippi 
States to Texas. 
§ 2. ERIGERON proper. Rays elongated, crowded in one or more rows. 
* Perennial and low from a rootstock or caudex : leaves entire, narrow : involucre some- 
what hispidulous : pappus plainly double, 
3. B. Bigelovii Gray. Cinereous-hispidulous, diffusely branched from the base, 
leafy up to the short-pedunculate scattered heads: leaves small, spatulate-lance- 
olate or upper linear, lowest more spatulate and petioled : involucral bracts rather 
rigid, lanceolate, acuminate, obviously of 2 or 3 lengths: rays 40 to 50, purple or 
violet, 6 mm. long: outer pappus of slender subulate scales, about 4 as long as the 
inner bristles. —On the Rio Grande at the western border of Texas. 
** Perennial by rosulate offsets borne on apex of crecping rootstocks : leaves commonly 
serrate or dentate: involucre glabrate : pappus quite simple: rays very narrow and 
numerous (much over 100). 
4, BE. Philadelphicus L. Soft-hirsute, 3 to 6 dm. high: leaves oblong, or lowest 
spatulate or obovate; upper cauline half-clasping, obtuse, sparingly and coarsely 
serrate or entire: rays pink, about 6 mm. long.—Throughout Texas. 
5. B. quercifolius Lam. Pubescent with short spreading hairs, sometimes cine- 
reous, about 3 dm. high: radical and lowest cauline leaves obovate or spatulate, 
from repand to sinuate-pinnatifid: heads smaller: rays barely 4mm. long, from 
bluish or purplish to white.—Low grounds, extending from the Gulf States into 
Texas. 
* * * Perennial by rooting from decumbent or creeping leafy stems: rays very numerous 
and narrow ; heads solitary, slender-peduncled. 
6. HB. repens Gray. Cinereous-pubescent: stems prostrate or ascending from the 
slender root; prostrate ones rooting at the nodes: leaves obovate ro broadly spatu- 
