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88. GNAPHALIUM L. (CUDWEED). 
Woolly herbs, with sessile or decurrent leaves, clustered or corymbed 
heads of tubular whitish or yellowish flowers and fertile throughout, 
dry and scarious white or colored imbricated (in several rows) involu- 
cral bracts, flat naked receptacle, tailed anthers, terete or flattish 
achenes, and pappus a single row of capillary rough bristles. 
* Bristles of the pappus united at the very base into a ring and falling off all together. 
1. G. purpureum L. (PURPLISH CUDWEED.) Annual, simple or branched from the 
base, ascending, 15 to 50cm. high, silvery-canescent with dense white wool: leaves 
oblong-spatulate, obtuse, not decurrent, green above: heads in sessile clusters in the 
axils of the upper leaves, and spiked at the wand-like summit of the stem: involu- 
cral bracts tawny, the inner often marked with purple.—Sandy or gravelly soil, 
throughout Texas. 
* * Bristles of the pappus distinct. 
+ Involucre more or less involved in wool, the scarious tips of the bracts inconspicuous: 
heads glomerate and leafy-bracteate, about 2mm. long: low and branching annuals 
rarely 3 dm. high. 
2. G. palustre Nutt. Loosely tloccose with long wool, erect, at length diffuse or 
weak: leaves (6 to 10mm. wide) spatulate or the uppermost oblong or lanceolate: 
tips of the linear involucral bracts white, obtuse.—In moist ground, southern and 
western Texas, 
++ Involucre woolly only at base, the bracts mainly scarious and from white to brownish 
straw-color (rarely tinged with rose): heads paniculately or corymbosely cymose or 
glomerate at the summit of the leafy stem and branches: erect herbs 3 to 9 dm. high. 
++ Leaves not at all decurrent, narrowed at base. 
3. G. polycephalum Michx. (COMMON EVERLASTING). Erect woolly annual (wool 
more or less caducous) 3 to9dm. high, fragrant: leaves lanceolate, with undulate 
margins, soon bare and green: heads in numerous rather close paniculately or 
cymosely disposed glomerules: involucre dull white, soon with a rusty tinge, its 
bracts oblong, obtuse.—Open woods and dry grounds extending from the Atlantic 
States through Texas to Mexico. 
4. G. Wrightii Gray. Diffusely much branched from an apparently perennial root, 
persistently white-woolly, not glandular: leaves from spatulate to lanceolate: heads 
4 to 6mm. long, very numerous in small cymosely paniculate glomerules on loose 
spreading or diverging branchlets: involucre grayish-white, very woolly at base, 
its bracts oblong and obtuse, but most of them (at least the inner) with an acute 
apiculation.—Dry ground, central and western Texas. 
++ ++ Leaves more or less adnate-decurrent at base. 
5. G. Sprengelii Hook. & Arn. Stems usually stout, 15 to 75cm. high from an 
annual or biennial root: leaves lanceolate or linear, or the lowest narrowly spatulate, 
densely and persistently white-woolly (sometimes more thinly floccose), slightly 
if at all glandular or heavy-scented, the short decurrent bases or adnate auricles 
rather broad: involucre white or with barely greenish-yellowish tinge, becoming 
slightly rusty in age. Moist or dry ground west of the Pecos, 
6. G decurrens Ives. Stem stout, corymbosely branched atsummit, 6 to 9 dm. 
high from an apparently annualor biennial root: leaves very numerous, strongly bal- 
samic-scented, lanceolate or the upper linear, obviously adnate-decurrent, white- 
woolly beneath or rarely glabrate, the upper face becoming naked and green in age 
and with the stem glandular: involucre white, usually becoming rusty-tinged.— 
Western Texas. 
7. G. leucocephalum Gray. Very white with close wool, except the upper sur- 
face of the leaves: stems 3 to 6 dm. high, strict, mostly simple, very leafy and bal- 
