211 
3. X. Canadense Mill. Stouter, the stem often brown-punctate: fruit about 2.5 
cm. long, densely prickly and more or less hispid, the stout beaks usually hooked 
or incurved,—Alluvial shores and waste grounds, Var. ECHINATUM Gray is usually 
low, with still denser and longer conspicuously hirsute or hispid prickles. Reported 
not only from the seacoast, but from Gillespie County. 
52. ZINNIA L. 
Herbaceous or slightly shrubby plants, with opposite and mastly 
sessile entire leaves, single and showy heads terminating the branches, 
ligulate and fertile ray-flowers (the ligule persistent on the achene and 
becoming papery), perfect and fertile disk-flowers, involucre of closely 
appressed-imbricated dry and firm broad bracts, chaff of the (at length) 
conical or eylindraceous receptacle conduplicate around the disk- 
flowers, disk-achenes compressed, and pappus (when present) of erect 
awns or chaffy teeth. 
* Annual herb: leaves from ovate to lanceolate : ray-flowers usually without pappus. 
1. Z. pauciflora L. Leaves commonly with subcordate base, scabrous: ligules 
from obovate to narrowly spatulate, red, purple, or yellow: disk-achenes l-awned, 
sometimes with a rudiment of a second awn or tooth.—Apparently throughout Texas. 
** Somewhat woody and tufted perennials : leares narrow and rigid, connate-sessile: ray- 
achenes 2 to 4-aristate. 
+ Ligules shorter than or ‘Ile surpassing the disk, sometimes wanting: stema mainly 
herbaceous. 
2. Z. anomala Gray. Scabrous hispid: stems or branches y numerous from a 
woody base, 10 to 20 em. high: leaves linear (1 to 2.5em. long, less than 4mm. wide), 
I-nerved (obscurely 3-nerved at base) : peduncle shorter than the uppermost leaves: 
involucre 12 mm. long: ligules oval or oblong, 2 to6 mm. long, yellow or orange 
(oceasionally the whole corolla wanting).—Southwestern Texas. 
+ + Ligules ample, dilated obovate or roundish, light yellow (becoming white in age): 
stems or branches from a stout woody base or branching caudex. 
3. &. grandiflora Nutt. Scabro-hispidulous: leaves linear, 3-nerved at base: in- 
involucre usually 8 mm. long: ligules (at maturity) 10 to 16 mm. long.—Plains and 
blutts southwestern Texas. 
4. Z. pumila Gray. Cinereous-puberulent: leaves very narrowly linear (12 mm, 
or less long, hardly 1 mm. wide), 1-nerved: involucre 4 to 6 mm. long: ligules 4 to 8 
mm, long.—High plains and table lands of western Texas. 
5. Z acerosa Gray. Cinereous-pubescent or glabrate: leaves acerose-filiform, 
very obscurely 1-nerved, 12 mm. or more long: ligules 6 to 12 mm. long.—Mountains 
west of the Pecos. 
53. SANVITALIA Lam. 
Mostly low and branching herbs, with opposite mostly entire and 
petioled leaves, small heads terminating the branches, fertile ray and 
disk-flowers, persistent ligules (becoming papery), short and broad 
(dry or partly herbaceous) involucral bracts, flat to subulate-conical re- 
ceptacle with concave or partly conduplicate chatty bracts, ray-achenes 
commonly 3-sided with the angles produced into as many thick and 
rigid divergent awns or horns, disk achenes various (ours compressed- 
quadrangular and wingless), with pappus of 1 or 2 slender awns or 
teeth or none. 
18430—No, 2——5 
