214 
obcompressed, disk-achenes more or less compressed, and pappus a seti- 
form awn from one or more of the angles or none. 
1. S. repens Michx. From hirsute-pubescent te almost glabrous: stems slender, 
8 to 6 dm. long: leaves from lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 2.5 to 5 em. long, from 
sparsely denticulate to serrate, abruptly or gradually contracted at base into a peti- 
ole: peduncles 5 to 10 em. long: rays 8 to 12, shorter than the obtusely ovoid disk: 
achenes oblong, less than 2 mm. long, not flat: pappus none or occasionally 1 or 2 
minute awns.—Low or wet ground, extending from the Gulf States into Texas. 
60. ECHINACEA Mench. (PURPLE CONE-FLOWER.) 
Perennial herbs, with the stout and nearly simple stems naked above 
and terminated by a single large head, very long and drooping rose- 
purple sterile rays, lanceolate spreading imbricated involucral bracts, 
conical receptacle with lanceolate keeled spiny-tipped chaff longer than 
the purplish disk-flowers, thick and short 4-sided achenes, and pappus 
a small toothed border. 
1. B. angustifolia DC. Leaves, as well as the slender simple stem, bristly-hairy, 
lanceolate and linear-lanceolate, attenuate at base, 3-nerved, entire: rays 12 to 15, 
5 em. long, rose-color or red.—Prairies and barrens, extending from the northern 
plains into northern and central Texas. 
61. RUDBECKIA L. (CONE-FLOWER.) 
Chiefly perennial herbs, with alternate leaves, showy terminal heads 
with mostly long yellow neutral rays, leaf-like spreading involucral 
bracts in about 2 rows, conical or columnar receptacle with short con- 
cave chaff (not rigid), mostly 4-angular achenes, and pappus none or a 
minute crown-like border. 
* Achenes nearly terete, not angled, minutely striate, destitute of pappus, and subtended 
by keeled bracts which are more or less deciudous, 
1. R. amplexicaulis Vahl. Smooth and glabrous, leafy, 3 to 6 dm. high from an 
annual root: leaves strictly 1-ribbed, reticulate-veiny, from entire to sparingly 
serrate; lower oblong-spatulate and sessile by a tapering base; upper oblong and 
ovate with cordate-clasping base: rays oblong, 12 mm, or more long, often with a 
brown-purple base: disk brownish. (Dracopis amplexicaulis Cass.)—Low grounds 
of Louisiana and Texas. 
* * Achenes prismatic-quadrangular: bracts persisting on the receptacle. 
+ Disk columnar in fruit, greenish-yellow : leaves entire or barely dentate: chaff pubescent 
at tip: herbage glabrous: stems simple or nearly 80: rays drooping, pure yellow. 
2. R. nitida Nutt. Stem 6 to 12 dm. high: leaves bright green, thin-coriaceous, 
nervose-ribbed, mostly acute, denticulate or entire; radical and lower oauline ovate- 
spatulate to lanceolate-oblong, tapering into long margined petioles; upper cauline 
sessile, oblong to lanceolate, 7.5 to 15 cm. long.—Wet ground, extending from the 
Gulf States into Texas. 
3. R. maxima Nutt. Stem 12 to 27 dm. high, and whole plant smooth and glau- 
cous: leaves from broadly ovate to oblong, mostly obtuse, repand-denticulate or 
entire, with numerous pinnate veins, the larger 30 cm. or less long; upper cauline 
subcordate-clasping.—Moist pine woods and plains, extending into Texas from the 
Gulf States. 
