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petioled: involucral bracts lanceolate, gradually subulate-acuminate: disk 1 em. 
broad or more.—Sandy shores of eastern Texas, but represented in southern and 
western Texas, in sandy soil, by var. CUCUMERIFOLIUS Gray, which is a larger 
form, with usually purple-mottled stems, leaves irregularly serrate with salient 
teeth, more commonly subcordate, the larger 10 to 12.5 em. long. 
** Perennials: lower leaves usually opposite: receptacle convex or at length low-conical. 
+ Involucral bracts loose, becoming squarrose, narrowly lanceolate, pointed, 2.5 em. long: 
disk usually purple or brownish: leaves linear, 1-nerved. 
5. H. orgyalis DC. Stem glabrous, tall, very leafy: leaves mostly alternate, linear 
to filiform and entire, or the lowest lanceolate and serrulate: involucral bracts fili- 
form-attenuate.—Extending from the dry northern plains into Texas. 
6. H. angustifolius L. Stem slender, 6 to 18 dm. high, usually scabrous: leaves 
long and linear, sessile, entire, with revolute margins: heads loosely corymbed, long- 
peduncled: involucral bracts acute or pointed.—Extending from the wet pine-barrens 
of the Gulf coast into Texas. 
+ + Involucral bracts closer, more imbricated, short, unequal and not foliaceous: leaves 
lanceolate to ovate, mostly opposite and 3-nerved. 
++ Disk dark, 
7. H. ciliaris DC. Glaucous and glabrous, 3 to 6 dm. high, very leafy: leaves nearly 
all opposite and sessile, lanceolate (varying to ovate-lanceolate or to linear), either very 
smooth or with some scattered bristles, with undulate or repand margins: involucral 
bracts ovate or oblong, obtuse or abruptly mucronulate, hirsutely ciliate: rays few 
or several, not surpassing the disk, sometimes none.—Low ground, southern and 
western Texas. 
8. H. rigidus Desf. Rough, 6 to 18 dm. high or more: leaves very thick and rigid, 
rough both sides, oblong-lanceolate, usually pointed at both ends, nearly sessile, 
entireor serrate, the lowest oval: involucral bracts ovate or oblong, obtuse or mostly 
acute, ciliate: rays numerous (20 to 25) and long (3 cm. long or more).—Extending 
from the northern plains and prairies into northern Texas. 
++ ++ Disk yellow. 
9. H. occidentalis Riddell. Somewhat hairy, stem slender, simple, naked above, 
bearing 1 to 5 small heads on long peduncles: lowest leaves oval or lanceolate-ovate, 
entire or obscurely serrate, roughish-pubescent beneath, abruptly contracted into 
long hairy petioles; the upper small and remote.—A species of the northern dry 
prairies and oak barrens, but represented in eastern and southern Texas by the var. 
PLANTAGINEUS Torr, & Gray, which is minutely puberulent and slightly or not at all 
scabrous, with rather more rigid leaves and obscurely ciliolate or naked involucre. 
+ + + Involucre looser, the bracts more acuminate or elongated or foliaceous: disk yel- 
low (anthers dark). 
++ Leaves all opposite, sessile, serrulate: pubescence rather soft. 
10. H. cinereus Torr. & Gray. Barely cinereous throughout: stem simple, some- 
what equally leafy, bearing 1 or 2 slender-peduncled small heads: leaves coriaceous, 
lanceolate-oblong; the lower contracted into a narrow base; uppermost ovate-lance- 
olate with a broad sessile base: heads 1.2 cm. high; bracts lanceolate-subulate, ca- 
nescent: rays 10 or 12, 1.6 cm, long.—Reported only from Texas (Drummond). 
11. H. mollis Lam. Canescent throughout: stemsimple, very leafy to the top, with 
solitary or few rather large heads: leaves ovate to lanceolate, with broad cordate 
clasping base, pointed: heads 1.6 em. high; bracts lanceolate, villous or sericeous: 
rays 15 to 25, 2.5 cm. long or more.—Extending into Texas from the dry barrens north 
and east, 
