220 
series of involucral bracts villous-hirsute, inner ones narrower and granulose-glandu- 
lar: rays 4 to 9: achenes wholly glabrous, obovate, slightly emarginate, destitute of 
pappus, or not rarely with 2 minute vestiges of awns. (Simsia lagascaformis and 
S. exaristata of Gray Pl. Wright.)—In the valleys of western Texas, 
* * Root fleshy-tuberous: leaves all opposite, the margined petioles united at base on each 
side by a foliaceous appendage, the two often connate into an amplexicaul disk. 
2. E.calva Gray. Scabrous-pubescent and often hispidulous: stem with opposite 
branches, terminating in long and naked 1-headed peduncles: leaves deltoid-ovate 
and subcordate, often hastately 3-lobed, irregularly dentate: involucral bracts hir- 
sute and hispid, the outer foliaceous and somewhat squarrose: rays 15 to 20: achenes 
wholly glabrous, obcordate-oval, without vestige of pappus. (Simsia calva Gray, 
Pl. Lindh.)—Rocky hills and edges of oak woods, southern and western Texas. 
3. EB. subaristata Gray. Much like the preceding, often more canescently hispid: 
achenes minutely pilose-pubescent, ciliolate toward the summit, bearing 2 rigid his- 
pidulous awns, which are half the length of the achenes, or often reduced to mere 
rudiments. (Simsia subaristata Gray, Pl. Fendl.)—Southwestern Texas, 
69. ZEXMENIA Liave & Lex. 
Perennial herbs. or somewhat shrubby, with mostly opposite leaves, 
yellow radiate heads solitary on slender peduncles terminating the 
branches, 3-angled and 3-awned ray-achenes, compressed disk-achenes 
with winged or bordered margins and awned from one or more of the 
margins (the awns either connected by dilated bases or with interme- 
diate separate or confluent persistent scales). 
1. Z. brevifolia Gray. Much branched and below shrubby, strigose-scabrous: 
leaves small (less than 2.5 cm. long), ovate and oval, mostly entire, short-petioled : 
involucral bracts broad, mostly ovate: rays 5 to 9, small: corolla-lobes glabrous: 
achenes nearly marginless, some at maturity conspicuously callous-winged, slightly 
narrowed at summit between the wings or margin and the subulate-attenuate awns, 
between the bases of which the free or partly united scales are conspicuous (some- 
times obsolete in age).—Rocky banks, southwestern Texas. 
2. Z. hispida Gray. Herbaceous and branched from a barely woody base or root, 
strigose-hispid: leaves sessile or nearly go, lanceolate or the lower rhomboid-lanceo- 
late, irregularly more or less serrate, sometimes with a pair of coarser salient teeth 
or lobes above the base: involucre in 2 or 3 series; the outer bracts more loose and folia- 
ceous, lanceolate, as long as the oblong inner ones: rays 7 to 9, orange-yellow, about 
lem. long: corolla-lobes puberulent-ciliolate: achenes narrowly or broadly winged, 
or sometimes winged only near the summit, appearing obcordate, the pappus in the 
center of the notch consisting of a cupule of united firm scales and 1 or 2 (in the ray 
3) variable awns. (Lipocheta Texana Torr. & Gray, Fl., and Gray, Pl. Lindh, 
Z. Texana Gray, Pl. Wright. Viguiera longipes Coulter.)—Common in dry ground, 
70. VERBESINA L. (CrowWNBEARD.) 
Mostly perennial herbs, with toothed leaves decurrent on the stem, 
several to many-flowered heads, mostly yellow pistillate (sometimes 
neutral and sterile) few rays or sometimes none, involucral bracts im- 
bricated in 2 or more rows, rather convex or even conical receptacle 
with concave chaff, and flat winged or wingless 2-awned achenes, 
