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rowed at top, 2-toothed or 2-awned, or sometimes naked at summit, the 
awns not barbed downwardly. 
* Style-tips truncate or nearly so: outer involucre small and short (except in no. 4): rays 
yellow or yellow with brown base. 
+ Achenes straight, with fimbriate border or dissected wings and a pair of slender awns: 
perennial. 
1. C. angustifolia Ait. Wholly glabrous: stem slender, mostly quadrangular, the 
summit or flowering branches naked and rush-like, their leaves being reduced to 
small subulate bracts: lower leaves spatulate-lanceolate, upper spatulate-linear, 
sometimes all opposite: rays yellow, about 1 em. long,—Extending into Texas from 
the moist pine barrens or swamps of the Gulf States. 
+ + Achenes incurved at maturity, with entire scarious wings or none: pappus none or 
minute: leaves all 1 to 2-pinnately divided: annuals, 
++ Achenes winged. 
2. C. cardaminefolia Torr. & Gray. Stem 1.5 to 6 dm. high: lobes of the 1 to 
2-pinnately divided leaves oval to lanceolate or above linear: rays yellow with brown 
purple base: achenes short, smooth or papillose, with moderately broad wing, with 
which is sometimes connected 2 obscure teeth.—Low grounds, throughout Texas. 
++ ++ Achenes wingless : pappus none or an obscure border. 
3. C. tinctoria Nutt. Glabrous, 6 to 9 dm. high: lobes of the leaves lanceolate te 
linear: outer involucre short and close: rays 1 to 2. cm. long, sometimes base only, 
sometimes nearly all crimson-brown: achenes oblong, thinnish, moderately in- 
curved.—In low ground, throughout Texas. 
4. C. Drummondii Torr. & Gray. Low, pubescent with many-jointed lax hairs 
sometimes glabrous: lobes of the radical and lower stem leaves from roundish-ovate 
to oblong-lanceolate, of the uppermost sometimes linear: outer involucre of loose 
and spreading more foliaceous bracts, little shorter than the inner: rays broad, some- 
times 2.5 cm.long, brown-purple only at base: achenes oval or obovate, thick, 
much incurved at maturity, a cartilaginous margin bordering the inner face.—Sandy 
soil, eastern and southern Texas. Var. WriGuTil Gray, of rocky hills on the San 
Pedro and reported from Gillespie County, has lobes of the leaves narrower, linear 
and the broadest linear-oblong, heads smaller, and achenes circinately incurved. 
** Style-tips abruptly cuspidate, hispid: involucres nearly equal: achenes roundish, winged, 
incurved, often papillose and with a callus inside at base and apex: pappus 2 small 
teeth or none: rays mostly yellow and palmately lobed: heads long-pedunculate. 
5. C. coronata Hook. Sparsely hirsute-pubescent or glabrous: leaves long-peti- 
oled, entire or the lower 3 to 5-parted, obovate and spatulate-oblong, the lateral 
divisions when present small: rays 2.5 cm. or less long, bright yellow, deeper or 
orange at base, above which are delicate or brownish-purple markings forming a 
sort of corona: achenes with a rather broad wing and a pappus of 2 minute chaffy 
teeth.—Eastern Texas, south to Brazos Santiago. 
6. C. grandiflora Nutt. Glabrous except the hirsute-ciliate petioles, rather 
sparsely pilose: radical and some lower cauline leaves lanceolate, spatulate or en- 
tire; upper or sometimes all the cauline 3 to 5-parted or divided, the divisions 
lanceolate or linear, or even filiform, sometimes again 2 of 3-parted: rays about 2.5 
em. long, yellow throughout: achenes with thin-scarious outspread wing and chaffy 
pappus.—Extending into Texas from the low grounds of the Gulf and Lower Missis- 
sippi States. 
** * Style-tips cuspidate: achenes oblong, nearly straight, without callus, the wing nar- 
row or none: rays yellow, mostly entire or slightly toothed, 
